Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

The system of symbols (words) that we use to think about and communicate experiences and feelings.

A

Language

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2
Q

The specific system of symbols that one uses to describe people, things, and situations in one’s mind.

A

Cognitive language

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3
Q

The system of rules for creating words, phrases, and sentences in a particular language.

A

Grammer

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4
Q

The process of learning individual words in a language and learning to use that language appropriately and effectively in the context of the situation.

A

Communication acquisition

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5
Q

5 competencies for how language behaviors function

A
Controlling
Informing
Feeling
imagining
ritualizing
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6
Q

How is control used as an instrument in language

A

To exert influence over others and our environment

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7
Q

The use of language to both give and receive information; one of the five functional communication competencies

A

Informing

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8
Q

Four aspects of informing

A

Questioning
Describing
Reinforcing
Withholding

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9
Q

The use of language to express emotion; one of the five functional communication competencies.

A

Feeling

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10
Q

The ability to think, play, and be creative in communication—one of the five functional communication competencies

A

Imagining

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11
Q

Learning the rules for managing conversations and relationships; one of the five functional communication competencies.

A

Ritualizing

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12
Q

The study of the relationship among symbols, objects, people, and concepts—refers to the meaning that words have for people, either because of their definitions or because of their placement in a sentence’s structure (syntax).

A

Semantics

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13
Q

The ability to use the symbol systems of a culture appropriately

A

Pragmatics

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14
Q

The basic, consistently accepted definition of a word.

A

Denotative meaning

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15
Q

The emotional or attitudinal response people have to a word.

A

Connotative meaning

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16
Q

A model that ranks communication from specific, which ensures clarity, to general and vague.

A

Abstraction ladder

17
Q

Language that employs offensive words to deride a person or group.

A

Hate speech

18
Q

Inappropriate, damaging, mean, sarcastic, or offensive statements that affect others in negative ways.

A

Hurtful language

19
Q

Using terms that stereotype people according to their group membership and ignoring their individual differences.

A

Labeling

20
Q

Words that are infused with subtle meanings that influence our perceptions about the subject

A

Biased language

21
Q

Language that replaces exclusive or negative words with more neutral terms.

A

Politically Correct Language

22
Q

Words or expressions considered insulting, rude, vulgar, or disrespectful

A

Profanity

23
Q

The social norm for appropriate behavior.

A

Civility

24
Q

Theory that explains how language and identity shape communication in various contexts.

A

Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT)

25
Q

Three ways context is important

A

Language reflects context
Language builds on context
Language determines context

26
Q

A more formal, polite, or “mainstream” language, used in business contexts, in the classroom, and at formal social gatherings

A

High Language

27
Q

A more informal, easygoing language, used in informal and comfortable environments

A

Low language

28
Q

best description of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

A

Language shapes our thoughts