Chapter 7 - Test 2 Flashcards
Body weight that exceeds the recommended guidelines for good health.
Overweight
Body weight that GREATLY exceeds the recommended guidelines for good health, as indicated by a body mass index of 30 or more.
Obesity
Obesity is the worst among who?
The young and poor
Obesity is increasingly become an issue among children ages between what?
2-19
An acceptable body mass index, a fat distribution that is not a risk factor for illness, and the absence of any medical conditions such as diabetes or hypertension that would suggest a need for weight loss.
Healthy body weight
Healthy body weight is defined as one that achieves: (4)
1.) A healthy BMI
2.) healthy body composition with an acceptable amount of body fat
3.) Fat distribution that isn’t a risk factor for illness
4.) absence of medical conditions that suggest a benefit from weight loss (diabetes and hypertension)
A measure of your weight in relation to your height.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
What gender tends to have a higher percentage of body fat than the other?
Woman have higher than men
Measure the bodies composition of essential lipids and non-essential lipids.
Fat Mass (FM)
Measures the body’s composition of total body water, protein, and bone minerals.
Fat-free mass (lean mass) (FFM)
Essential for vital hormone function. If you have a low range of this, hormone production decreases and health problems can occur, such as infertility, loss of sex drive, hair loss, bone loss, lack of menstruation, and depression.
Fat
Someone in the “healthy BMI category can have excess body fat and low lean mass, and someone in the overweight or obese BMI category can have high lean mass and low excess body fat. This shows that BMI is only a screening test and why what type of assessment can help determine individual health needs?
Body Composition
It can be measured during a physical or fitness assessment. The most accurate methods are expensive and require special equipment, so they are used less frequently.
Body Composition
A way of calculating body composition by weighing a person underwater.
Immersion
A way of calculating body composition. Uses what special type of x-ray?
DXA
Simpler and less reliable method. Measures thickness of skin and fat in several locations of the body
Skin fold measurement or caliper testing
Simpler and less reliable method. Send a weak electrical current through parts of the body to measure the electrical resistance of tissue.
Bioelectrical impedance
Abdominal fat. Fat carried around and above the waist. Is considered more “active” than fat carried on the hips and thighs. Is a disadvantage because it breaks down more easily and enters the bloodstream more readily.
Visceral fat or central obesity
Associated with high cholesterol and a higher risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, hypertension, and some cancers.
Abdominal fat
Judges location of fat by dividing your waist measurement by your hip measurement.
Waist-to-hip ratio
What body shape puts you at greater health risk?
apple
True or False?
Obese men tend to accumulate abdominal fat, whereas obese women tend to accumulate fat on the hips and thighs.
True
Women fat shifts to the abdomen with the drop in estrogen that occurs at the onset of what? This shift coincides with an increased risk of heart disease for women.
Menopause
Type of arthritis caused by excessive wear and tear on joints.
Osteoarthritis
True or False?
Women who are obese and become pregnant have a higher chance of having babies with birth defects and birth complications.
True
A disease in which the levels of glucose circulation in the bloodstream are too high, and there is not enough insulin to meet the demands. Which sets the stage for heart disease, kidney failure, blindness, and sexual dysfunction.
Diabetes
No insulin is produced by the pancreas and has nothing to do with obesity. Must take insulin through injections or an insulin pump.
Type 1 Diabetes or juvenile onset
More common and the type that is growing rapidly. For the first time, we are seeing this in children. Insufficient production of insulin and affects the body’s way of handling blood sugar. Treated with diet, exercise, medications, and insulin injections.
Type 2 diabetes
People who have been obese or overweight most of their lives are likely to have suffered from what?
Bullying and discrimination in obtaining opportunities to gain wages
Where does the influence of weight begin?
Genetics