Chapter 11 Flashcards
A source of pleasure, excitement, and connection with other people, and is even good for your health.
Sexual activity
Satisfying intimate relationships based on mutual respect and trust and the ability and resources to procreate if so desired. It involves acceptance of our own sexual feelings and tolerance for those of others. It also includes knowledge about sexuality and access to the information needed to make responsible decisions.
Sexual health
Positively valued feelings induced by sexual stimuli.
Sexual pleasure
True or False?
Sensory signals arriving in the brain are not inherently pleasurable; rather, the brain interprets them as pleasurable. This interpretation and evaluation of stimuli by the brain as sexually pleasurable is influenced by everything the individual has learned about sex in his or her society and culture, including expectations, attitudes, and values.
True
the biological purpose of sexuality
reproduction
Responsible for the production of ova and, if pregnancy occurs, the development of the fetus.
female sex organs
Responsible for producing sperm and delivering them into the female reproductive system to fertilize the ovum.
male sex organs
Organs of a female that include vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
internal sex organs
muscular tube extending from the external vaginal opening to the cervix.
Vagina
lower part of the uterus; extends into the vagina and contains openings to the uterus. Produces mucus that changes with different stages of the menstrual cycle.
cervix
Size of a pear. Organ in which a fertilized egg develops into an embryo and then a fetus.
uterus
layer of uterus that is shed during menstruation.
endometrium
Female reproductive glands that store and release the ova (eggs) every month, usually one at a time—the process of ovulation. They also produce the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone. Are located on either side of the uterus.
ovaries
Mammary glands. They consist of 15 to 25 lobes that are padded by connective tissue and fat. Within the lobes are glands that produce milk when the woman is lactating following the birth of a baby. At the center of each is a nipple, surrounded by a ring of darker-colored skin called the areola. The nipple becomes erect when stimulated by cold, touch, or sexual stimuli.
breasts
Include the penis and the scrotum which contain the testes.
external genitalia
When erect, is designed to deliver sperm into the female reproductive tract. The shaft of this is formed of three columns of spongelike erectile tissue that fill with blood during sexual excitement. The glans, or head of this, is an expansion of the corpus spongiosum (one of the three columns of erectile tissue in the shaft). The glans contains a higher concentration of nerve endings than the shaft and is highly sensitive.
penis
Crownlike structure that protrudes slightly and forms a border between the glans and the shaft; it is also highly sensitive.
corona
Fold of skin extending from the corona to the foreskin. The foreskin, or prepuce, covers the glans, more or less completely.
frenulum
Removes this skin and leaves the head of the penis permanently exposed.
circumcision
contains testes, separated from the body.
scrotum
Summer heat is capable of causing the penis to expand as blood vessels dilate to allow temperature regulation. There is actually no increase in size of the penis, but the skin appears thicker. Although, in the winter, the penis will contract as the body conserves internal heat.
“summer penis”
True of False?
Health scientists believe the penis’s reaction to ambient temperature is associated with the need to maintain a specific temperature in the testes to produce sperm. The scrotum skin expands in warm ambient temperatures and contracts in cold temperatures.8 Still, the reality is that there is no enlargement of the man’s penis in summer heat.
True
Our country was rooted in this belief that sex was only for procreation and that sex for any other purpose was sinful.
Puritan belief
The presence of this causes the reproductive glands to develop into testes. The testes produce testosterone which causes the undifferentiated reproductive structures to become male sex organs. If there is no presence of this, the glands develop into ovaries, and the reproductive structures become female sex organs.
Y chromosome
Between what ages does menstruation occur?
12-50
When women experience cramps, backache, headache, irritability, and mood swings
premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
If symptoms are severe enough to interfere with work, family, or social activities, the woman may have this.
premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
The cessation of menstruation.
menopause
The average age of menopause is what? but can occur before the age of what?
52, 40
Women can be in perimenopause for how many years? Causing symptoms of hot flashes, night sweats, irritability, and insomnia.
3-7 years
If this is decreased it can result in lower bone density and changes in cholesterol levels of blood. These changes contribute to an increased risk of osteoporosis and heart disease later in life. Estrogen loss may also make sex less comfortable and less enjoyable. Some women also see their sex drive decrease.
Estrogen
Supposed to treat menopause symptoms and to lower the risk of heart disease and osteoporosis. In 1991, the National Institutes of Health began research to determine if there was a relationship between this and osteoporosis, breast cancer, heart disease, stroke, blood clots, and colon cancer. The results were due in 2005, but the study was stopped in 2002, when it was concluded that the risks of it outweighed the benefits. The risk of breast cancer rose more quickly for women on this after 4 years, and the risk of heart disease and blood clots increased each year for women on this. Many symptoms of menopause and perimenopause can be alleviated with physical activity, stress management, and weight loss. This is not advised, and if it is used, it should be in small doses and for short time periods.
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Menopause that men go through. Testosterone fluctuate for 5-12 years in middle aged men. Common symptoms include irritability, sluggishness, mild to moderate mood swings, and a sense of declining vitality. Men’s sex drive can also decline. Treatments are available for testosterone deficiency.
Viropause
Also known as sexual desire or libido is the biological urge for sexual activity.
sex drive
What is the primary hormone involved in sex drive?
Testosterone
Occurs when there is a high concentration of blood flow in erogenous zones and muscle tension as a result of stimulation.
Sexual arousal
A physiological reflex in which massive discharge of nerve impulses occurs in the nerves serving the genitals. A physical as well as a mental and emotional experience. Serotonin and dopamine are both released as a result which leads to pain reduction and pleasant feelings.
Orgasm
After an orgasm, men enter this which is a time period in which they are not capable of more orgasms. The length of this has to do with age and health. Women do NOT have this and can experience multiple orgasms.
Refractory period
abstaining from all sexual activity. Sometimes used interchangeably with abstinence.
Celibacy
Abstaining from sexual intercourse.
Abstinence
Women Sexual dysfunctions:
- pain during intercourse
- lack of desire for sexual activity
- sexual arousal disorder
-orgasmic dysfunction
A female specific disorder in which women do not attain or maintain sexual arousal despite proper stimulation. Usually is due to phychological issues.
female sexual arousal disorder
a large number of women also suffer from this in which they are unable to achieve orgasms. Due to psychological or emotional issues.
orgasmic dysfunction
Male sexual dysfunctions:
- pain during intercourse (mainly due to STI’s)
- sexual desire disorder
- erectile dysfunction
-ejaculation disorder
What treatments can be done for men with sexual dysfunctions? What about erectile dysfunction?
testosterone therapy, drugs
The degree to which a person’s physiological sexual arousal matches the mental response (self-assessment as to whether a sexual stimulus is pleasing and triggers a genital response).
sexual concordance
The mismatch of physical and mental sexual arousal. In other words, the body may react to sexual arousal, but the mind does not correlate with this genital response. For example, sexual assault may cause this or anxiety during sex.
sexual noncordance
Practices prevent the exchange of body fluids during sex. Two safe practices are using condoms and “outercourse,” or sex acts such as kissing and rubbing or stroking that do not involve genital contact or penetration. (However, herpes and HPV can be transmitted by any skin-to-skin contact.) Another key to safeguarding your sexual health is communicating with your partner or prospective partner about sex. The only 100 percent protection against pregnancy and STIs is abstinence
Safe sex
How do you protect your sexual health:
- communicate with your partner
-Ask questions: - Have they ever had an STD?
- Have you been treated?
-How many partners have you had? - Are you willing to use condoms every time?
Societal issues involving sex:
- hooking up
- sexting
- revenge porn
- digital pornography
- stealthing (intentional removal of condom without consent from partner)
What has the internet made readily available surrounding cybersex?
-pornography
- interactive games
- sexually explicit websites
- erotic chat rooms
- sex toys for sale
Problems with cybersex:
- creates more sex addiction
- pornography degrades and promotes violence against women
- increase criminal behavior
- contributes to social inequalities for women
What are the issues revolving around pornography?
- degrades women
- promote violence against women
- promote sexual abuse of children
- increase criminal behavior
Feminists argue that porn contributes to the sexual subordination of women and what else for women?
social inequalities
What do advocates of pornography argue?
- it’s protected under free speech
- is harmless pleasure
- is educational and has therapeutic benefits
- no research to establish a relationship between porn and sexual violence
What has become a major issue with 80% of college students reporting engaging in cybersex behavior?
Sexting
What teenagers often fail to realize is that pictures or messages they put out via text message, email, or social media never goes away. Anyone can gain access, and it can come back to cause them problems later in life. This comes into play here as individuals will post sexual pictures of ex-lovers to get revenge for being broken up with. Doing so is now punishable by fine. If the photos are of a minor, it is distribution of childhood pornography.
Revenge porn
Removing a condom during sex without the consent of a partner. It is a growing trend in both HETEROSEXUAL and GAY men. Obviously, this type of behavior comes with serious health risks for the victim.
Stealthing
A common trend. With this, young people are engaging in sex with people they know or don’t know with no commitment. For young women, in particular, this can lead to psychological and emotional issues. Not to mention the potential for sexually transmitted diseases that this behavior can lead to for both men and women.
hooking up
Who uses erectile dysfunction drugs without needing them to be able to maintain longer erections?
young men
Combining what drugs can lead to a sudden drop in blood pressure?
ED drugs and stimulants
The use of pornography and cybersex may be putting individuals at risk for what?
sex addiction
The remote use of sex toys via internet to pleasure a partner.
Teledildonics
What new technologies are being used for sexual behavior?
- teledildonics
-sex dolls - virtual reality
Why is the development of technology that will directly stimulate sexual receptors in the brain raise issues?
- damage actual human, social relationships
