Chapter 2 Flashcards
Not just the absence of illness; it is also the presence of many positive characteristics. Encompasses several aspects of health and wellness- emotional, psychological, cognitive, interpersonal, and spiritual aspects of a person’s life. The capacity to respond to challenges in ways that allow continued growth and forward movement in life.
Mental health
The key to mental health and happiness is the ability to respond to adversity is what ways?
Adaptive and effective ways
This type of person is able to deal with life’s inevitable challenges without becoming impaired or overwhelmed by them. Have high self-esteem, accept imperfections within themselves and others, altruistic (help others), and have control over their own lives.
Mentally healthy person
Focuses is on positive emotions, character strengths, and conditions that create happiness, rather than focusing on mental illness and problems. It focuses on what makes life worth living. Studying gratitude, forgiveness, awe, inspiration, hope, curiosity, humor, and happiness to understand the spectrum of the human experience.
Positive Psychology
He believed that if people meet their needs for survival, safety, and security, love and belonging, achievement and self esteem, they have opportunities for self-exploration and expression that can lead them to reach their fullest human potential.
Abraham Maslow
Who developed the concept of self-actualization or also called the “hierarchy of needs”?
Abraham Maslow
Maslow believed that a self- actualized person is realistic, self-accepting, self-motivated, creative, and capable of intimacy, among other traits. Those who reach this level achieve a state of what?
Transcendence
A sense of well-being that comes from finding purpose and meaning in life.
Transcendence
The general expectation that things will turn out well. Tendency to see problems as temporary rather than permanent. Seem to have better physical and mental health than pessimistic people. React to failures as things they can do something about.
Optimistic
The state attained when a person has reached his or her full potential.
Self-actualization
Sense that we have some control over what happens in our lives.
self-efficacy
Ability to bounce back from adversity. People who can respond flexibly to life’s challenges and redirect their energies toward positive actions.
Example: A poor grade on one exam might motivate you to study harder.
Resilience
Focuses on what makes life worth living. Has 3 components: positive emotions, pleasure, engagement, and meaning.
Happiness
Argued that such qualities as self-awareness, self-discipline, persistence, and empathy are much more important to success in life than IQ. Believes in emotional intellegence.
Daniel Goleman
An understanding of emotional experience, self-awareness, and sensitivity to others. AN ability to manage ones own emotions and control their moods and recognize emotions in others. People with this form of intelligence have more positive relationships, perform better academically, have more adaptive decision making skills, and tend to be mentally healthy.
emotional intellegence
Who Published On Death of Dying, one of the first books to propose stages that people go through when they believe they are in the process of dying or losing a loved one?
Elisabeth Kübler-Ross
Part of the brain where the executive function of planning, organizing, and rational thinking are controlled. Does not start growing until teen years and stops growing in early -mid twenties. This explains impulsivity, emotional reactivity, and risk taking behavior more seen in adolescence.
Frontal cortex
These are caused by complex interactions of biological factors, psychological processes, social influences, and cultural factors, especially those affecting a person during early childhood. A pattern of behavior in an individual that is associated with distress (pain) or disability or with increased risk of suffering, death, pain, or loss of freedom.
Mental disorders
Affect learning, memory, and problem-solving abilities, can be caused by tumors, brain trauma, or stroke. Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and amnesia are examples of this type of disorder.
Cognitive mental disorders
Brain chemicals that are responsible for the transmission of signals from one brain cell to the next. When this is imbalanced, it’s believed to be involved in a variety of mental disorders.
Neurotransmitters
What are the 4 important neurotransmitters involved in mental disorders?
- Norepinephrine
- Dopamine
-Serotonin - GABA
Active during a stress response. High levels increase stress.
Example of a disorder: Chronic stress
Norepinephrine
Pleasure. Can give positive feelings, and experience this when eating, participating in sexual activity, use of addictive drugs. Although, when having an increase level of this can make a person behave erratically.
Example: Seen in Schizophrenia
Dopamine
Regulates emotions and mood. Implicated in mood disorders. Low levels of this result in problems with anger control and concentration. Can develop a syndrome that include symptoms of nausea, agitation, and changes in blood pressure.
Example: Mood disorders and Depression
Serotonin
Implicated in anxiety. A chemical messenger that is supposed to promote relaxation and inhibits excitation. When experiencing a deficiency you get symptoms like sweating, reflux, restlessness, poor verbal memory, and a short temper.
GABA
Where can you find high concentrations of GABA neurotransmitters?
Hypothalamus and Hippocampus
What drugs have been given to correct imbalances in neurotransmitters? But also can affects levels of what neurotransmitters?
Antidepressants and serotonin
Conditions that often start before a child enters grade school and include limitations of learning and difficulty with behavior control and social skills. Examples: autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) which is the most common childhood disorders that continue into adulthood.
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
What is the second leading cause of death for college students and 1st leading cause of death in the US? Which gender is more likely to attempt suicide? and which gender is more likely to succeed?
Suicide, females, males
A low grade, chronic depression that goes on for two years or more. There is a generally depressed mood, and a sufferer may have poor appetite, disturbed sleep patterns, low self-esteem, low energy, poor concentration and difficulty making decision, and/or feelings of hopelessness.
Dysthymic Disorders
An individual’s perception and subsequent reaction to a harmful, challenging, and possibly threatening event that tests the person’s ability to cope. Produces symptoms such as headaches and feelings of being overwhelmed, sad, or depressed.
Stress
An event or agent in the environment that causes us stress. Bodies reaction to an event. Disrupt the boy’s balance and require adjustments to return systems back to normal.
Example: being reminded of a traumatic event or currently having a traumatic event happen. Can range winning the lottery to having a close friend die.
Stressors
When you see an event as positive or positive stress
eustress
When you see an event as negative
distress
All stressors elicit this, a series of physiological changes that activate body systems, providing a burst of energy to deal with a perceived threat.
Stress response of fight or flight
The stress response is carried out by this. Controls involuntary, unconscious functions such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion. Has 2 branches: sympathetic and parasympathetic
Autonomic nervous system
Turns on and initiates the stress response
Sympathetic branch
Turns off the stress response and returns the body back to normal.
Parasympathetic branch
Where does the stress response begin in the brain?
Cerebral cortex
Point at which the boy is now returned back to normal functioning. Body is returned to homeostasis
Relaxation phase
Seyle’s classic model describing the physiological changes associated with the stress response. 3 phases: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
General Adaptation Syndrome
When the body’s fight-or-flight response is activated. Immune system functioning is reduced.
Alarm stage associated with General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
The body works overtime and uses energy such as fat collected from the liver to cope with the added stress and to stay at peak level.
Resistance stage associated with General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
When the body can no longer keep up with the demands of the stressor. The body becomes totally depleted, leading to illness and even death.
Exhaustion stage associated with General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
When you have elevated levels of stress for a long period of time. Makes blood vessels more susceptible to the development of atherosclerosis ( a disease in which are damaged and clogged with fatty deposits)
Chronic hypertension
Effective style of coping with stress, characterized by a tendency to view life events as challenges rather than threats, a commitment to meaningful activities, and a sense of being in control.
Hardiness
