Chapter 2

Question 1

Not just the absence of illness; it is also the presence of many positive characteristics. Encompasses several aspects of health and wellness- emotional, psychological, cognitive, interpersonal, and spiritual aspects of a person’s life. The capacity to respond to challenges in ways that allow continued growth and forward movement in life.

Answer 1

Mental health

Question 2

The key to mental health and happiness is the ability to respond to adversity is what ways?

Answer 2

Adaptive and effective ways

Question 3

This type of person is able to deal with life’s inevitable challenges without becoming impaired or overwhelmed by them. Have high self-esteem, accept imperfections within themselves and others, altruistic (help others), and have control over their own lives.

Answer 3

Mentally healthy person

Question 4

Focuses is on positive emotions, character strengths, and conditions that create happiness, rather than focusing on mental illness and problems. It focuses on what makes life worth living. Studying gratitude, forgiveness, awe, inspiration, hope, curiosity, humor, and happiness to understand the spectrum of the human experience.

Answer 4

Positive Psychology

Question 5

He believed that if people meet their needs for survival, safety, and security, love and belonging, achievement and self esteem, they have opportunities for self-exploration and expression that can lead them to reach their fullest human potential.

Answer 5

Abraham Maslow

Question 6

Who developed the concept of self-actualization or also called the “hierarchy of needs”?

Answer 6

Abraham Maslow

Question 7

Maslow believed that a self- actualized person is realistic, self-accepting, self-motivated, creative, and capable of intimacy, among other traits. Those who reach this level achieve a state of what?

Answer 7

Transcendence

Question 8

A sense of well-being that comes from finding purpose and meaning in life.

Answer 8

Transcendence

Question 9

The general expectation that things will turn out well. Tendency to see problems as temporary rather than permanent. Seem to have better physical and mental health than pessimistic people. React to failures as things they can do something about.

Answer 9

Optimistic

Question 10

The state attained when a person has reached his or her full potential.

Answer 10

Self-actualization

Question 11

Sense that we have some control over what happens in our lives.

Answer 11

self-efficacy

Question 12

Ability to bounce back from adversity. People who can respond flexibly to life’s challenges and redirect their energies toward positive actions.
Example: A poor grade on one exam might motivate you to study harder.

Answer 12

Resilience

Question 13

Focuses on what makes life worth living. Has 3 components: positive emotions, pleasure, engagement, and meaning.

Answer 13

Happiness

Question 14

Argued that such qualities as self-awareness, self-discipline, persistence, and empathy are much more important to success in life than IQ. Believes in emotional intellegence.

Answer 14

Daniel Goleman

Question 15

An understanding of emotional experience, self-awareness, and sensitivity to others. AN ability to manage ones own emotions and control their moods and recognize emotions in others. People with this form of intelligence have more positive relationships, perform better academically, have more adaptive decision making skills, and tend to be mentally healthy.

Answer 15

emotional intellegence

Question 16

Who Published On Death of Dying, one of the first books to propose stages that people go through when they believe they are in the process of dying or losing a loved one?

Answer 16

Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

Question 17

Part of the brain where the executive function of planning, organizing, and rational thinking are controlled. Does not start growing until teen years and stops growing in early -mid twenties. This explains impulsivity, emotional reactivity, and risk taking behavior more seen in adolescence.

Answer 17

Frontal cortex

Question 18

These are caused by complex interactions of biological factors, psychological processes, social influences, and cultural factors, especially those affecting a person during early childhood. A pattern of behavior in an individual that is associated with distress (pain) or disability or with increased risk of suffering, death, pain, or loss of freedom.

Answer 18

Mental disorders

Question 19

Affect learning, memory, and problem-solving abilities, can be caused by tumors, brain trauma, or stroke. Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and amnesia are examples of this type of disorder.

Answer 19

Cognitive mental disorders

Question 20

Brain chemicals that are responsible for the transmission of signals from one brain cell to the next. When this is imbalanced, it’s believed to be involved in a variety of mental disorders.

Answer 20

Neurotransmitters

Question 21

What are the 4 important neurotransmitters involved in mental disorders?

Answer 21

• Norepinephrine
• Dopamine
  -Serotonin
• GABA

Question 22

Active during a stress response. High levels increase stress.
Example of a disorder: Chronic stress

Answer 22

Norepinephrine

Question 23

Pleasure. Can give positive feelings, and experience this when eating, participating in sexual activity, use of addictive drugs. Although, when having an increase level of this can make a person behave erratically.
Example: Seen in Schizophrenia

Answer 23

Dopamine

Question 24

Regulates emotions and mood. Implicated in mood disorders. Low levels of this result in problems with anger control and concentration. Can develop a syndrome that include symptoms of nausea, agitation, and changes in blood pressure.
Example: Mood disorders and Depression

Answer 24

Serotonin

Question 25

Implicated in anxiety. A chemical messenger that is supposed to promote relaxation and inhibits excitation. When experiencing a deficiency you get symptoms like sweating, reflux, restlessness, poor verbal memory, and a short temper.

Answer 25

GABA

Question 26

Where can you find high concentrations of GABA neurotransmitters?

Answer 26

Hypothalamus and Hippocampus

Question 27

What drugs have been given to correct imbalances in neurotransmitters? But also can affects levels of what neurotransmitters?

Answer 27

Antidepressants and serotonin

Question 28

Conditions that often start before a child enters grade school and include limitations of learning and difficulty with behavior control and social skills. Examples: autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) which is the most common childhood disorders that continue into adulthood.

Answer 28

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Question 29

What is the second leading cause of death for college students and 1st leading cause of death in the US? Which gender is more likely to attempt suicide? and which gender is more likely to succeed?

Answer 29

Suicide, females, males

Question 30

A low grade, chronic depression that goes on for two years or more. There is a generally depressed mood, and a sufferer may have poor appetite, disturbed sleep patterns, low self-esteem, low energy, poor concentration and difficulty making decision, and/or feelings of hopelessness.

Answer 30

Dysthymic Disorders

Question 31

An individual’s perception and subsequent reaction to a harmful, challenging, and possibly threatening event that tests the person’s ability to cope. Produces symptoms such as headaches and feelings of being overwhelmed, sad, or depressed.

Answer 31

Stress

Question 32

An event or agent in the environment that causes us stress. Bodies reaction to an event. Disrupt the boy's balance and require adjustments to return systems back to normal. Example: being reminded of a traumatic event or currently having a traumatic event happen. Can range winning the lottery to having a close friend die.

Answer 32

Stressors

Question 33

When you see an event as positive or positive stress

Answer 33

eustress

Question 34

When you see an event as negative

Answer 34

distress

Question 35

All stressors elicit this, a series of physiological changes that activate body systems, providing a burst of energy to deal with a perceived threat.

Answer 35

Stress response of fight or flight

Question 36

The stress response is carried out by this. Controls involuntary, unconscious functions such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion. Has 2 branches: sympathetic and parasympathetic

Answer 36

Autonomic nervous system

Question 37

Turns on and initiates the stress response

Answer 37

Sympathetic branch

Question 38

Turns off the stress response and returns the body back to normal.

Answer 38

Parasympathetic branch

Question 39

Where does the stress response begin in the brain?

Answer 39

Cerebral cortex

Question 40

Point at which the boy is now returned back to normal functioning. Body is returned to homeostasis

Answer 40

Relaxation phase

Question 41

Seyle's classic model describing the physiological changes associated with the stress response. 3 phases: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

Answer 41

General Adaptation Syndrome

Question 42

When the body's fight-or-flight response is activated. Immune system functioning is reduced.

Answer 42

Alarm stage associated with General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Question 43

The body works overtime and uses energy such as fat collected from the liver to cope with the added stress and to stay at peak level.

Answer 43

Resistance stage associated with General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Question 44

When the body can no longer keep up with the demands of the stressor. The body becomes totally depleted, leading to illness and even death.

Answer 44

Exhaustion stage associated with General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Question 45

When you have elevated levels of stress for a long period of time. Makes blood vessels more susceptible to the development of atherosclerosis ( a disease in which are damaged and clogged with fatty deposits)

Answer 45

Chronic hypertension

Question 46

Effective style of coping with stress, characterized by a tendency to view life events as challenges rather than threats, a commitment to meaningful activities, and a sense of being in control.

Answer 46

Hardiness