CHAPTER 7: Suicide Flashcards
One study showed that of people at high risk for committing suicide who contact a suicide crisis hotline,approximately _____ later commit suicide.
A) 2 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 30 percent
D) 50 percent
A) 2 percent
Why has suicide become the second leading cause of death in the adolescent age group?
A) Adolescents are rebellious and less inclined to imitate others.
B) Youths lack stable social networks for support.
C) Fatal illnesses are uncommon among the young.
D) Teenagers have a higher likelihood of reacting calmly to stress.
C) Fatal illnesses are uncommon among the young.
When a rash of suicides occurs in the aftermath of a celebrity’s suicide or a case that has been highly publicized by the media,behavioral theorists believe it is attributable to:
A) modeling.
B) helplessness.
C) fear.
D) hopelessness.
A) modeling.
A young man commits suicide.His father and uncle committed suicide at about his age as well.Which explanation of suicide MOST easily explains the young man’s suicide?
A) a psychodynamic explanation
B) a sociocultural explanation
C) a biological explanation
D) an immediate trigger explanation
C) a biological explanation
What term describes the behaviors of people who attempt suicide after observing or reading about someone else who has done so?
A) modeling
B) parasuicide
C) the bystander effect
D) social learning
A) modeling
A clinically depressed individual who has been threatening suicide finally shows a diminishing of depressive symptoms.This person’s risk of committing suicide:
A) has increased dramatically; almost no one who is depressed commits suicide until she or he is recovering.
B) may have increased,because the person may have the energy to act on the suicidal impulse.
C) probably has decreased,although a slight risk remains.
D) has decreased substantially; almost no one who is depressed commits suicide once recovery from depression is under way.
B) may have increased,because the person may have the energy to act on the suicidal impulse.
Which statement BEST reflects the relationship between serotonin and the depression-related brain circuit and suicide?
A) Low levels of serotonin and poorer functioning of the depression-related brain circuit are related to high levels of aggression and impulsivity.
B) High levels of serotonin and overactivity of the depression-related brain circuit are related to high levels of aggression and impulsivity.
C) Serotonin makes people more likely to abuse substances and disrupts the depression-related brain circuit,increasing the likelihood of their committing suicide.
D) Suicide attempts increase the level of serotonin in the brain,disrupting the depression-related brain circuit and making suicide more likely.
A) Low levels of serotonin and poorer functioning of the depression-related brain circuit are related to high levels of aggression and impulsivity.
People with little sense of “belongingness,” who live alone and experience frequent conflicts with others,and who believe they have limited social support are experiencing:
A) serious illness.
B) occupational stress.
C) an abusive environment.
D) social isolation.
D) social isolation.
For teenagers,the highest suicide rates are found among:
A) non-Hispanic white Americans and American Indians.
B) American Indians and African Americans.
C) African Americans and Hispanic Americans.
D) non-Hispanic white Americans and Hispanic Americans.
A) non-Hispanic white Americans and American Indians.
Among teenagers who attempt suicide,_____ succeed the first time,and _____ will try again.
A) approximately 3 percent; half
B) approximately 3 percent; approximately 10 percent
C) less than 1 percent; approximately half
D) less than 1 percent; approximately 10 percent
C) less than 1 percent; approximately half
Based on the evidence about suicide rates,intervention strategies,to be most effective,should focus on:
A) middle-aged adults,as they have a fairly high suicide rate that is rising relatively rapidly.
B) children; although they have a relatively low suicide rate,the rate is rising extremely rapidly.
C) those older than age 75,since they make far more suicide attempts than other age groups,although they have a low suicide rate.
D) teenagers,as they have the highest suicide attempt and suicide completion rates of any age group.
A) middle-aged adults,as they have a fairly high suicide rate that is rising relatively rapidly.
How are the interpersonal theory of suicide and the sociocultural view of suicide different?
A) Only the sociocultural view focuses on a sense of belonging.
B) The interpersonal theory describes perceived burdensomeness as a factor in suicide.
C) The interpersonal theory states that serotonin deficits contribute to suicide.
D) The sociocultural view explains why some people who face particular societal pressures attempt suicide while the majority do not.
B) The interpersonal theory describes perceived burdensomeness as a factor in suicide.
Why do many people think that the estimates of the rates of suicide are inaccurate?
A) Insurance companies pay extra life insurance in cases of suicide.
B) Many reported suicides are probably really accidents.
C) The stigma associated with suicide makes people hesitant to report it.
D) Suicide is not a DSM-5 category.
C) The stigma associated with suicide makes people hesitant to report it.
What research provides the most compelling evidence that suicide may have a biological basis?
A) studies linking specific genetic mutations to suicidal tendencies
B) studies of neurotransmitter levels
C) family pedigree studies
D) a Danish study of identical twins
B) studies of neurotransmitter levels
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When answering the telephone of a suicide hotline,the first step for the counselor is to:
A) formulate a plan.
B) establish a positive relationship.
C) understand and clarify the problem.
D) assess the caller’s suicide potential.
B) establish a positive relationship.
At a suicide prevention center,you hear a counselor say,”Can you tell me what you think are the most important factors that are making you feel hopeless right now? If you could change three things about your life,what would they be?” Which of the goals and techniques of suicide prevention do these questions BEST represent?
A) Formulating a plan
B) Assessing suicide potential
C) Understanding and clarifying the problem
D) Assessing and mobilizing the caller’s resources
C) Understanding and clarifying the problem
Suicide rates in the weeks after Kurt Cobain’s suicide held steady,contrary to the modeling effect seen with other celebrity suicides.The text notes that a possible reason for this was:
A) his age at the time of his death.
B) the manner in which he killed himself,a gunshot to the head.
C) the area where he lived,which had a suicide rate that was lower than the national average.
D) the media coverage of the event,which included a “Don’t do it!” message.
D) the media coverage of the event,which included a “Don’t do it!” message.
Reducing the public’s access to lethal and common means of suicide would mean measures such as:
A) covering pools.
B) prescriptions for fewer medications.
C) postvention.
D) gun control.
D) gun control.
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Suicide education programs typically focus on:
A) those persons who have previously attempted suicide.
B) clergy,who are often contacted by suicidal people.
C) students and teachers.
D) high-risk people who call hotlines.
C) students and teachers.
The top two leading causes of death among teenagers are:
A) drug overdoses and cancer.
B) accidents and suicide.
C) suicide and drug overdoses.
D) homicide and cancer.
C) suicide and drug overdoses.
What factor is thought to account for variations in suicide rates among different countries?
A) climate
B) religious affiliation and beliefs
C) prevalence of mental disorders
D) governmental regulations regarding suicide
B) religious affiliation and beliefs
Which has NOT been linked to increased suicide risk among teenagers?
A) intense competition for jobs and positions in college
B) weakening family ties,and resulting alienation
C) access to pro-suicide sites on the Internet
D) easy access to drugs and alcohol,and pressure to use those substances
C) access to pro-suicide sites on the Internet
A retrospective analysis is exemplified when:
A) researchers ask college students to write suicide notes to study what students think is the motivation for suicide.
B) therapists who had patients who committed suicide are interviewed to gain information on suicide.
C) a school implements a postvention program after several student suicides occur in a close time span.
D) individuals who have made suicide attempts are part of a suicide education program.
B) therapists who had patients who committed suicide are interviewed to gain information on suicide.
Which factor does NOT contribute to the high suicide rate among the elderly?
A) loss of close friends and relatives
B) geographical location
C) loss of status
D) feeling that they are burdensome to others
B) geographical location
Commonly observed triggers for suicide include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) being in therapy.
B) being a heavy alcohol user.
C) knowing someone who committed suicide.
D) experiencing stressful life events.
A) being in therapy.
All of these are considered immediate stressors EXCEPT:
A) losing a loved one through death.
B) experiencing a natural disaster.
C) suffering a significant financial loss.
D) living in an abusive environment.
A) losing a loved one through death.
Which statement is TRUE regarding the social contagion effect?
A) The suicide of a close relative or friend increases your risk of committing suicide.
B) The suicide of a family member increases the risk of others in the family developing a stress disorder.
C) The suicide of a close relative or friend increases your risk of developing a physical illness.
D) The suicide of a family member in your age group increases your risk of developing a mood disorder.
A) The suicide of a close relative or friend increases your risk of committing suicide.
A couple has been married for almost 50 years,and then one of them dies.The probability that the surviving spouse will commit suicide:
A) is much higher than normal.
B) is a little higher than normal,but it drops to normal levels within about six months.
C) does not change much at all.
D) drops substantially,especially if the couple had been having marital difficulties.
A) is much higher than normal.
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The MOST well-developed understanding of the causes of suicide come from the:
A) biological model.
B) psychoanalytic model.
C) cognitive-behavioral model.
D) sociocultural model.
D) sociocultural model.
Which description BEST defines self-injury?
A) a behavioral pattern of mutilating oneself or causing oneself pain
B) the most common method of parasuicide
C) a psychological disorder
D) an accident that causes personal pain and distress
A) a behavioral pattern of mutilating oneself or causing oneself pain
Which is the BEST example of dichotomous thinking?
A) One person is stressed by an event that does not bother another person.
B) You have your opinion about suicide,and I have mine.
C) There are lots of factors that put someone at risk for suicide,not just one.
D) There’s only one thing to do,and nothing else matters.
D) There’s only one thing to do,and nothing else matters.
The child at GREATEST risk for suicide is one who:
A) is not allowed to get a pet but keeps asking for one.
B) has experienced family stress such as parental unemployment or abuse.
C) does not fully understand death.
D) engages with friends but also likes to spend time playing alone.
B) has experienced family stress such as parental unemployment or abuse.
A U.S.teenager attempting suicide for the first time will MOST likely:
A) not succeed and almost certainly will never attempt suicide again.
B) not succeed but may try again.
C) not succeed and almost certainly will attempt suicide again.
D) succeed.
B) not succeed but may try again.
Which statement is NOT true regarding gender and suicide?
A) Women attempt suicide more often than men do.
B) Men use more lethal means to commit suicide than women do.
C) Women succeed at committing suicide more often than men do.
D) Men are more likely to commit suicide when they are elderly than when they are younger.
C) Women succeed at committing suicide more often than men do.
According to current estimates,the suicide rate in the United States is highest among which ethnicity?
A) African Americans
B) Hispanic Americans
C) American Indians
D) Asian Americans
C) American Indians
Which statement is TRUE regarding war veterans’ risk of suicide once they return home?
A) War veterans are about twice as likely as nonveterans to commit suicide.
B) War veterans are no more likely to commit suicide than are nonveterans.
C) War veterans are a little less likely to commit suicide than are nonveterans.
D) Family members of war veterans,not the veterans themselves,are at a higher suicide risk.
A) War veterans are about twice as likely as nonveterans to commit suicide.
Piper shot herself by placing the gun barrel in her mouth,in the middle of a dense wood where she knew she wouldn’t be heard or found.Piper is an example of what Edwin Shneidman refers to as a:
A) death seeker.
B) death initiator.
C) death ignorer.
D) death darer.
A) death seeker.
Assume that a recent local suicide attempt was clearly a case of modeling.The person who would MOST likely model another’s suicide would be a(n):
A) preteen.
B) teenager.
C) middle-age adult.
D) older adult.
B) teenager.
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Retrospective analysis involves:
A) interviewing those thought to be at high risk for suicide.
B) developing a suicide profile,especially for mental patients and prisoners.
C) studying people who survive suicide attempts.
D) gathering information about a suicide victim’s past.
D) gathering information about a suicide victim’s past.
A person commits suicide in response to a social environment that fails to provide stable structures to support and give meaning to life.According to Durkheim,this represents an:
A) egoistic suicide.
B) altruistic suicide.
C) anomic suicide.
D) intragroup suicide.
C) anomic suicide.
Daniel’s emotional state has changed,putting him at higher risk for suicide.Which emotion has most likely increased?
A) guilt
B) anger
C) anxiety
D) sadness
D) sadness
How do death darers primarily differ from those in Shneidman’s other categories of people who attempt suicide?
A) They are ambivalent about their deaths.
B) They intend to end their lives with their actions.
C) They believe that death will not end their existence.
D) They believe they are merely speeding up an ongoing process.
C) They believe that death will not end their existence.
The behavior of those who engage in self-injurious behavior such as cutting:
A) fits into the criteria for suicidal behavior disorder.
B) represents a clear effort to end one’s life.
C) may represent an unconscious attempt at suicide.
D) is relatively uncommon and declining in frequency.
C) may represent an unconscious attempt at suicide.
In research on suicide,abnormal serotonin levels and a dysfunctional depression-related brain circuit seem MOST related to:
A) aggression.
B) introversion.
C) selfishness.
D) shame.
A) aggression.
Compared with adults who commit suicide,teenagers who commit suicide are:
A) more likely to be depressed.
B) more impulsive and have poorer problem-solving skills.
C) more likely to have feelings of hopelessness.
D) more prone to homicide than suicide.
B) more impulsive and have poorer problem-solving skills.
Which statement BEST supports the idea that teenagers who attempt suicide are more uncertain about killing themselves than elderly people are?
A) Teenagers have the opportunity for many more attempts than elderly people do.
B) Less than 1 percent of teenagers succeed at suicide.
C) Teenagers have far greater access to pro-suicide websites.
D) The media are much more likely to cover teen suicides than those of elderly people.
B) Less than 1 percent of teenagers succeed at suicide.
You are asked to speak before a local elementary school’s Parent-Teacher Association (PTA)about suicide attempts by the very young.You should mention that suicide attempts by the very young often occur when they have:
A) shown a sudden drop in interest in death in general.
B) run away from home.
C) experienced the birth of a sibling.
D) begun to ignore criticism from others.
B) run away from home.
Studies indicate that LGBTQ teenagers are _____ times more likely to have suicidal thoughts and to attempt suicide.
A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five
B) three
Which is the MOST likely reason for the relationship between alcohol use and suicide?
A) There is a chemical in alcohol that triggers a suicide response in the brain.
B) Alcohol is less well metabolized by those individuals who are depressed.
C) Alcohol lowers inhibitions and impairs judgment.
D) Pound for pound,women get drunk on less alcohol than do men.
C) Alcohol lowers inhibitions and impairs judgment.
Nora is ambivalent about her intent to die and deliberately swims in shark-infested waters. Shneidman would call Nora a:
A) death darer.
B) death seeker.
C) death ignorer.
D) death initiator.
A) death darer.
At a suicide prevention center,you hear a counselor say,”Hello.I am interested in you as a person,and I’m going to stay on the phone with you as long as you want.” Which goals and techniques of suicide prevention does this statement represent?
A) formulating a plan
B) assessing suicide potential
C) understanding and clarifying the problem
D) establishing a positive relationship
D) establishing a positive relationship
Knowing she was terminally ill,Brielle swallowed a handful of barbiturates.She wanted to save herself and her family from the final painful months of her life.Brielle is an example of what Shneidman refers to as a:
A) death seeker.
B) death initiator.
C) death ignorer.
D) death darer.
B) death initiator.
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A friend asks,”Why is there such a strong connection between alcohol abuse and suicide risk?” Based on the best available research,you reply:
A) “Being trapped in substance abuse leads to suicidal ideation.”
B) “No one knows for sure.”
C) “Actually,being suicidal most often leads to alcohol abuse,and not the other way around.”
D) “The connection is weak at best.”
B) “No one knows for sure.”
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Ernest Hemingway was a physically strong,proud man who developed great concerns about his failing body.Depressed about his progressive illness,he intentionally ended his life.Shneidman would classify Hemingway as a:
A) death darer.
B) death seeker.
C) death ignorer.
D) death initiator.
D) death initiator.
Although all of the following mental disorders are of concern for increased suicide risk,the LEAST likely to be linked to suicide is:
A) depression.
B) posttraumatic stress disorder.
C) alcoholism.
D) schizophrenia.
B) posttraumatic stress disorder.
After a student suicide,the school staff are educated about suicide,and increased student counseling sessions are made available.This is an example of:
A) postvention.
B) destigmatization.
C) substance abuse prevention.
D) psychodynamic therapy.
A) postvention.
Which statement about the successes of suicide prevention programs is MOST accurate?
A) The people at greatest risk for suicide are the individuals who are most likely to call prevention centers.
B) Of those individuals who call suicide prevention centers,fewer commit suicide than those who don’t call who are in a similar risk group.
C) Suicide rates are consistently lower in communities that have suicide prevention centers.
D) People thinking of suicide know about and readily call suicide prevention centers.
B) Of those individuals who call suicide prevention centers,fewer commit suicide than those who don’t call who are in a similar risk group.
Of people who use alcohol just before committing suicide,what percentage are legally intoxicated?
A) 10 percent
B) 15 percent
C) 25 percent
D) 35 percent
C) 25 percent
About how many unsuccessful suicide attempts occur annually in the United States?
A) 80,000
B) 120,000
C) 650,000
D) 1 million
C) 650,000
About what percentage of people who commit suicide use alcohol just before the act?
A) 10 percent
B) 20 percent
C) 35 percent
D) 70 percent
D) 70 percent
According to Shneidman, people who commit suicide with clarity and commitment, yet who believe that they are simply facilitating a process that is already under way, are called:
A) death darers.
B) death seekers.
C) death ignorers.
D) death initiators.
D) death initiators.
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Which of the following suicides would NOT be expected to contribute to the social contagion effect?
A) a disliked celebrity
B) a family member
C) a friend
D) a spouse
A) a disliked celebrity
Which statement is TRUE regarding the leading theories designed to explain suicide?
A) They are supported by a significant body of research.
B) They address the full range of suicide acts.
C) They satisfactorily explain suicidal behavior in the elderly but not in the young.
D) They are not supported by a significant body of research.
D) They are not supported by a significant body of research.
According to Durkheim, suicides by people who give up their lives so a person they love may live would be classified as:
A) anomic suicides.
B) egoistic suicides.
C) imitative suicides.
D) altruistic suicides.
B) egoistic suicides.
A friend of yours says,”Yes,I support the right of people to commit suicide,especially if they are in a lot of pain or don’t have long to live.” In the United States,your friend’s opinion is:
A) very uncommon; more than 75 percent of all Americans oppose the right to commit suicide under any circumstances.
B) somewhat uncommon; slightly less than half of all Americans oppose the right to commit suicide under any circumstances.
C) common; more than two-thirds of all Americans support the right to commit suicide under those circumstances.
D) almost universal; virtually all Americans support the right to commit suicide under those circumstances.
C) common; more than two-thirds of all Americans support the right to commit suicide under those circumstances.
Emile Durkheim’s theory of suicide fits into the:
A) cognitive-behavioral model.
B) biological model.
C) sociocultural model.
D) psychodynamic model.
C) sociocultural model.
Which is NOT a long-term stressor particularly common among those who attempt suicide?
A) serious illness
B) occupational stress
C) divorce
D) an abusive environment
B) occupational stress
Which theoretical perspective suggests that the loss of loved ones and self-directed aggression causes suicide?
A) the cognitive-behavioral perspective
B) the humanist perspective
C) the biological perspective
D) the psychodynamic perspective
D) the psychodynamic perspective
A school’s star athlete commits suicide.To prevent further student suicides,the school should:
A) provide postvention.
B) simply watch the students carefully; nothing specific can be done.
C) close the school for a week and let the students’ parents help them deal with the loss.
D) engage in reverse modeling.
A) provide postvention.
Susan deliberately overdoses on pills in an attempt at suicide but her attempt at suicide does not succeed.This suicide attempt is called a:
A) parasuicide.
B) pseudosuicide.
C) subintentional suicide.
D) sublethal suicide.
A) parasuicide.
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A common trigger seen in both adolescent suicides and suicides at other age levels is:
A) lack of self-control.
B) significant loss.
C) school stress.
D) modeling.
B) significant loss.
Which individual is the one MOST likely to commit suicide?
A) a 10-year-old with high serotonin activity
B) a 10-year-old with low serotonin activity
C) a 40-year-old with high serotonin activity
D) a 40-year-old with low serotonin activity
D) a 40-year-old with low serotonin activity
Which would be the MOST surprising example of suicide because it does not fit into the pattern that current research results have identified?
A) a woman who stabbed herself to death
B) a woman who attempted suicide but did not succeed
C) a man who shot himself
D) a woman who killed herself with a drug overdose
A) a woman who stabbed herself to death
You are analyzing the suicide rates of African Americans,Asian Americans,and Hispanic Americans.The MOST accurate conclusion from the data is:
A) African Americans have significantly higher suicide rates than the other two groups.
B) Suicide rates in Asian Americans are significantly higher than those in African Americans and about the same as those in Hispanic Americans.
C) Suicide rates in Hispanic Americans are about 1.5 times the rates in the other two groups.
D) African Americans,Asian Americans,and Hispanic Americans have roughly equal suicide rates.
D) African Americans,Asian Americans,and Hispanic Americans have roughly equal suicide rates.
Which statement BEST describes the effectiveness of suicide prevention programs?
A) They reduce the risk of suicide in the community.
B) They increase the risk of suicide in the community.
C) They work only with specific populations,such as veterans.
D) Their effectiveness is difficult to measure.
D) Their effectiveness is difficult to measure.
Based on the fact that one suicidal act can serve as a model for another,which would NOT be a common trigger for a suicide attempt?
A) suicides by family members and friends
B) suicide by someone with a terminal illness
C) suicides by celebrities
D) suicides by coworkers or colleagues
B) suicide by someone with a terminal illness
At a suicide prevention center,you hear a counselor say,”Who can you think of who might be able to come over and stay with you for a few hours?” Which of the goals and techniques of suicide prevention does the quote BEST represent?
A) assessing suicide potential
B) understanding and clarifying the problem
C) establishing a positive relationship
D) assessing and mobilizing the caller’s resources
D) assessing and mobilizing the caller’s resources
Lydia smokes two packs of cigarettes a day,drinks heavily,and eats poorly.Her lifestyle ultimately contributes to shortening her life.Shneidman would classify her death as a(n):
A) parasuicide.
B) subintentional death.
C) initiated death.
D) subconscious suicide.
B) subintentional death.
When talking with a potentially suicidal individual on a suicide hotline, the final step for the counselor is to:
A) formulate a plan.
B) establish a positive relationship.
C) understand and clarify the problem.
D) assess the caller’s suicide potential.
A) formulate a plan.
The spouse of an elderly individual in the United States has recently died; the individual was experiencing clinical depression before the spouse’s death.The suicide risk for this individual is:
A) moderately high; death of a spouse,but not depression,is related to an elevated suicide risk.
B) very high; both death of a spouse and depression are related to an elevated suicide risk.
C) moderately high; depression,but not death of a spouse,is related to an elevated suicide risk.
D) normal; suicide risk among the elderly is largely independent of these factors.
B) very high; both death of a spouse and depression are related to an elevated suicide risk.
Which aspect of religion is MOST closely linked to suicide?
A) doctrine
B) fellowship
C) devoutness
D) denomination
C) devoutness
Suicidal actions become much more common after the age of _____ than at any earlier age.
A) 56
B) 13
C) 18
D) 78
B) 13
Which of the following is the LEAST common predictor of suicide?
A) physical illness
B) cognitive rigidity
C) depression
D) alcoholism
A) physical illness
Suicide is the _____ most common cause of death in the United States.
A) number one
B) second
C) fifth
D) tenth
D) tenth
Which statement is TRUE regarding children who attempt suicide?
A) Many have a clear understanding of what death is.
B) Most can be classified as death ignorers.
C) Many are pressured into attempting suicide.
D) Most attempt suicide impulsively,without prior thought.
A) Many have a clear understanding of what death is.
What would typically be included in a retrospective analysis of suicide?
A) interviews with the person who attempted suicide
B) interviews with people who know the person who attempted suicide
C) interviews with people who knew the person who committed suicide
D) suicide interventions with people acquainted with the person who committed suicide
C) interviews with people who knew the person who committed suicide
The elderly are _____ as likely as adolescents to complete suicide.
A) equally
B) twice
C) 10 times
D) 50 times
D) 50 times
Cecil and Andrea are teenagers who made a love pact,jumping off a cliff to be with each other for eternity.Cecil and Andrea are examples of what Shneidman refers to as:
A) death seekers.
B) death initiators.
C) death ignorers.
D) death darers.
C) death ignorers.
Which is NOT a component of Edwin Shneidman’s definition of suicide?
A) It involves conscious effort.
B) It is self-inflicted.
C) It results from depression or emotional distress.
D) It involves indirect effort.
D) It involves indirect effort.
During combat,Carlos died when he intentionally stepped in front of a bullet that was intended for one of the soldiers for whom he was responsible.Durkheim would call this an example of:
A) anomic suicide.
B) egoistic suicide.
C) imitative suicide.
D) altruistic suicide.
D) altruistic suicide.
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As a political protest,two activists leap from a bridge in a highly publicized double suicide.Those MOST at risk for modeling these suicides are people who:
A) have similar political points of view.
B) have the opposite political point of view.
C) are in an unstable relationship with a significant other.
D) have a history of emotional problems.
D) have a history of emotional problems.
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Carla sees life in “right or wrong,” “all or none” terms.She is engaging in:
A) hopelessness.
B) dichotomous thinking.
C) psychache.
D) blaming.
B) dichotomous thinking.
Around the world,_____ deaths occur by suicide each year.
A) 100,000
B) 250,000
C) 500,000
D) 1 million
D) 1 million
The finding that many adolescents who attempt suicide know someone who has attempted suicide provides a case for which process in suicidal actions?
A) modeling
B) reinforcement
C) unconscious conflicts
D) maladaptive thinking
A) modeling
Which is NOT an immediate stressor particularly common among those persons who attempt suicide?
A) occupational stress
B) divorce
C) death of a loved one
D) stress from a flood
A) occupational stress
Research indicates that suicides by people with schizophrenia occur in response to:
A) voices commanding them to kill themselves.
B) feelings of demoralization.
C) overdoses of antipsychotic drugs.
D) a feeling of invincibility.
B) feelings of demoralization.
_____ is (are) viewing problems and solutions in rigid either/or terms.
A) Didactic perspectives
B) Irrational thinking
C) Hopelessness
D) Dichotomous thinking
D) Dichotomous thinking
The mood and thoughts of suicidal people are MOST often characterized as:
A) anxious and irrational.
B) angry and aggressive.
C) sad and hopeless.
D) tense and manic.
C) sad and hopeless.
The individual MOST at risk of suicide is someone who:
A) has become increasingly introverted and has adopted an overall more pessimistic outlook.
B) recently escaped from an abusive environment and is now living with family.
C) felt trapped in his or her marriage and just recently divorced.
D) is a devout Muslim.
A) has become increasingly introverted and has adopted an overall more pessimistic outlook.
At a suicide prevention center,you hear a counselor say,”Do you have a gun? Is it loaded,and do you know how to use it?” Which one of the goals and techniques of suicide prevention do these questions BEST represent?
A) assessing suicide potential
B) understanding and clarifying the problem
C) establishing a positive relationship
D) assessing and mobilizing the caller’s resources
A) assessing suicide potential
Juan is an atheist,does what he wants,and is alienated from others.He feels life isn’t worth living and kills himself.According to Emile Durkheim,Juan would be classified as an:
A) anomic suicide.
B) egoistic suicide.
C) imitative suicide.
D) altruistic suicide.
B) egoistic suicide.
Which statement is TRUE regarding suicide as a mental disorder?
A) To be diagnosed with suicidal behavior disorder,a person must have attempted suicide.
B) The category called suicidal behavior disorder was added to the DSM in the most recent edition.
C) Suicidal ideation is classified as a mental disorder in DSM-5 but not the act of attempting suicide.
D) Suicidal behavior is not classified as a mental disorder in DSM-5,but it represents psychological dysfunction.
D) Suicidal behavior is not classified as a mental disorder in DSM-5,but it represents psychological dysfunction.
Biological researchers have found a link between suicide and:
A) low activity levels of serotonin.
B) high activity levels of dopamine.
C) high levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid.
D) an elevated number of serotonin receptor sites.
A) low activity levels of serotonin.
Ambivalent about dying,Brody repeatedly played a dangerous game involving gas and a cigarette lighter.Brody is an example of what Shneidman refers to as a:
A) death seeker.
B) death initiator.
C) death ignorer.
D) death darer.
D) death darer.
The majority of males who attempt suicide in the United States:
A) hang themselves.
B) intentionally crash their cars.
C) overdose on drugs.
D) use guns.
D) use guns.
At a suicide prevention center,you hear a counselor say,”Will you promise me that you will call again if you ever feel like killing yourself?” Which one of the goals and techniques of suicide prevention does this question BEST represent?
A) formulating a plan
B) assessing suicide potential
C) understanding and clarifying the problem
D) assessing and mobilizing the caller’s resources
A) formulating a plan
The age group LEAST likely to commit suicide in the United States is:
A) children.
B) adolescents.
C) young adults.
D) older adults.
A) children.
In the United States,the elderly account for approximately ____ of all suicides.
A) 5 percent
B) 13 percent
C) 18 percent
D) 26 percent
C) 18 percent
In 1997,Oregon passed the first U.S.law that allows doctor-assisted suicide for persons with terminal illnesses.Since 1997,on average,how many Oregonians with terminal illness have ended their lives each year?
A) a few dozen
B) a little more than 100
C) approximately 500
D) more than 1,000
A) a few dozen
Which individual is MOST at risk for suicide?
A) someone who decided to change career paths and started a new job
B) someone who was diagnosed with terminal pancreatic cancer
C) someone who spends a lot of time with friends because his or her partner spends months at a time out of the country for work
D) someone who watched a documentary about celebrities who have committed suicide
B) someone who was diagnosed with terminal pancreatic cancer
Tomas killed himself in a way that is being described as an altruistic suicide.He is MOST likely to have lived in a country that:
A) is experiencing great upheaval,disruption of values,and immigration.
B) honors those who kill themselves for a higher good.
C) has a number of ethnic minorities who are very religious.
D) has a high level of substance abuse.
B) honors those who kill themselves for a higher good.
Each year about _____ people in the United States commit suicide.
a. 30,000
b. 37,000
c. 44,000
d. 51,000
c. 44,000
________ intend to end their lives because they believe that the process of death is already underway.
a. Death seekers
b. Death ignorers
c. Death darers
d. Death initiators
d. Death initiators
Sarah was a member of the Heaven’s Gate religious cult and committed suicide with the other members of the cult because they believed that they were going to be transported to a spaceship that was following the comet Hale Bopp. Sarah would be classified as a:
a. death seeker
b. death initiator
c. death ignorer
d. death darer
c. death ignorer
According to Edwin Shneidman, the most common emotion in suicide is:
a. fear.
b. anger.
c. hopelessness.
d. depression.
e. ambivalence.
c. hopelessness.
Suicide rates are highest among which population?
a. Asian Americans
b. Non-Hispanic White
Americans
c. African Americans
d. American Indians
e. Hispanic Americans
d. American Indians
Which of these is NOT true about suicide in the United States?
a. The most common method of committing suicide is by use of a firearm.
b. Suicide rates have increased dramatically in the last 25 years.
c. Women are more likely to attempt and complete a suicide.
d. Schizophrenia, substance abuse, eating disorders, and anxiety disorders are all associated with increased risk of suicide.
c. Women are more likely to attempt and complete a suicide.
Which viewpoint would be MOST likely to say that suicide results from depression and from anger at others that has been redirected toward themselves?
a. psychodynamic view
b. sociocultural view
c. interpersonal view
d. biological view
a. psychodynamic view
The likelihood of committing suicide ________ age.
a. increases with
b. decreases with
c. stays constant across
a. increases with
Which of these is considered to be the single best predictor of suicide attempts and completion in adolescents?
a. having a conduct disorder
b. poor academic performance
c. a previous history of suicide attempts
d. substance abuse
e. death of a loved one
c. a previous history of suicide attempts
