CHAPTER 1: Historical Backgrounds MCQ Flashcards
What are the “Four Ds” of abnormality?
A) deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger
B) defiance, dissociation, dysfunction, and danger
C) deviance, distress, dysphoria, and damage
D) defiance, dissociation, dysphoria, and damage
A) deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger
Who decides the general criteria for defining abnormality?
A) medical doctors
B) psychiatrists and clinical psychologists
C) society
C) society
Cara is a successful social media personality. She is the author of several best-selling books and recently gave a TED talk on building a personal brand. She also adheres to a strict diet wherein all of her food must be the same color. Cara is most likely:
A) suffering from abnormality.
B) eccentric.
B) eccentric.
Trephining, a process of cutting holes in the skull, is believed to have been used as a psychological treatment in order to:
A) restore balance among the 4 vital humors.
B) undo possession by the devil.
C) release spirits that were trapped inside a disturbed individual’s head.
D) cure a seizure disorder.
E) severe the connections between the frontal lobes and the rest of the brain.
C) release spirits that were trapped inside a disturbed individual’s head.
The Greeks’ view of abnormal behavior provided the basis of today’s:
A) psychodynamic perspective. B) medical model. C) psychological model. D) DSM-5. E) cognitive-behavioral perspective.
B) medical model.
Today, ________ dominates the clinical field.
A) the psychoanalytic perspective
B) the cognitive-behavioral perspective
C) the sociocultural perspective
D) the developmental psychopathology perspective
E) no single perspective
E) no single perspective
Which perspective holds that abnormal psychological functioning has physical causes?
A) the somatogenic perspective
B) the psychogenic perspective
C) neither of these perspectives
A) the somatogenic perspective
About what percentage of people with psychological disorders in the United States receive treatment during a year?
A) 15%
B) 30%
C) 60%
D) 80%
C) 60%
________ provides causal information and ________ provides general information.
A) Internal validity; external validity
B) External validity; internal validity
C) Independent variable; dependent variable
D) Dependent variable; independent variable
A) Internal validity; external validity
Dr. Diaz wants to study whether cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective in reducing anxiety symptoms relative to no therapy. What is the INDEPENDENT variable in this scenario?
A) cognitive-behavioral therapy
B) anxiety symptoms
A) cognitive-behavioral therapy
Which design examines the incidence and prevalence of a problem in a given population?
A) natural experiment
B) longitudinal study
C) epidemiological study
D) quasi-experimental design
C) epidemiological study
Which of the following designs is LEAST likely to have high external validity?
A) a case study
B) a correlational study
C) an experiment
A) a case study
What technique is used for reducing the effects of preexisting differences?
A) masked design
B) placebo therapy
C) matched design
D) random assignment
D) random assignment
Which of these was Philippe Pinel’s argument for his asylum reform?
A) Mental problems had a biological basis and required medication.
B) Patients were afflicted by demons and needed prayer and exorcisms.
C) Patients were people with illnesses that should be treated with sympathy.
D) Mental illness was caused by immoral behavior and could be cured with beatings.
C) Patients were people with illnesses that should be treated with sympathy.
The form of experiment used MOST often to study the psychological effects of unusual or unpredictable events is:
A) a natural experiment.
B) a matched-design experiment.
C) an analogue experiment.
D) a single-subject experiment.
A) a natural experiment.
To accomplish random assignment, one could assign participants to groups by:
A) placing all the participants sharing an important characteristic in the same group.
B) making sure there is only one participant in each group.
C) flipping a coin to determine group assignment.
D) asking participants to choose the group they prefer.
C) flipping a coin to determine group assignment.
A theorist who sees abnormality as a problem in living usually refers to those seeking help with problems in living as:
A) pupils.
B) patients.
C) trainees.
D) clients.
.
If a university had a program designed to help students achieve their full potential physically, educationally, and spiritually, that program would have elements MOST similar to:
A) mental health prevention programs.
B) positive psychology programs.
C) deinstitutionalization programs.
D) outpatient therapy.
.
Those MOST often in charge of treating abnormality in the Middle Ages in Europe were:
A) physicians.
B) nobility.
C) peasants.
D) clergy.
.
In the Middle Ages,the model of mental illness that MOST people believed in was the:
A) moral model.
B) medical model.
C) psychogenic model.
D) demonology model.
.
Immigration trends and differences in birth rates among minority groups in the United States have caused psychological treatment to become more:
A) hospital-focused.
B) multicultural.
C) positive.
D) dependent on the use of medications.
.
Which statement about the various viewpoints of clinical psychology is TRUE?
A) Various perspectives coexist, and they often conflict and compete with one another.
B) Since the late 1950s,the biological perspective is the primary perspective taught in medical schools.
C) Although many perspectives exist, the psychoanalytic perspective remains the dominant perspective in the field.
D) Among the various perspectives,those most highly regarded are those based on the influence of external factors.
.
A medical researcher develops a drug that decreases symptoms of depression and other mood disorders.This drug would be classified as:
A) psychogenic.
B) somatogenic.
C) psychotropic.
D) somatotropic.
.
What is the most famous characteristic of Bethlehem Hospital, founded in London in 1547?
A) Popularly called “Bedlam,” it came to represent deplorable conditions for patients.
B) It was the first asylum founded by Hippocrates.
C) It was founded by Henry VIII as a place to house his numerous ex-wives.
D) It was the first asylum in which the moral treatment of patients was practiced.
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