CHAPTER 4: Anxiety Disorders, OCD And Related Disorders Flashcards Preview MCQ

Question 1

Davon watched his father recoil from a snake in fear.Now he is afraid of snakes.This apparent acquisition of fear of snakes is an example of:

A) modeling.
B) response discrimination.
C) escape response.
D) stimulus generalization.

Answer 1

A) modeling.

Question 2

Which thought is consistent with the thinking of someone who has social anxiety disorder?

A) I’m glad I can use my notes during my speech.There’s no way I could have remembered all of these details.
B) I don’t want to give that presentation tomorrow.No one even listens during those meetings.
C) I can’t go on that business lunch with my boss.I’d spill food on myself and look like an idiot.
D) I’m not going out this weekend.I’ve had enough people interactions this week.

Answer 2

C) I can’t go on that business lunch with my boss.I’d spill food on myself and look like an idiot.

Question 3

What are the inaccurate and inappropriate beliefs held by people with various psychological problems called?

A) moral anxiety
B) conditions of worth
C) existential anxiety
D) irrational assumptions

Answer 3

D) irrational assumptions

Question 4

A person who experiences unpredictable panic attacks combined with dysfunctional behavior and thoughts is probably experiencing:

A) typical panic attacks.
B) panic disorder.
C) physiological damage.
D) a normal response to stress.

Answer 4

B) panic disorder.

Question 5

A person experiencing a panic disorder is MOST likely to also have a fear of:

A) leaving home.
B) enclosed spaces.
C) other people.
D) driving.

Answer 5

A) leaving home.

Question 6

Everyone has intrusive and unwanted thoughts.Most people ignore them.But some people blame themselves and expect terrible consequences,so they act in ways they hope will neutralize the thoughts.The type of theorist who would be MOST likely to agree with this position would be a:

A) psychodynamic theorist.
B) sociocultural theorist.
C) cognitive-behavioral theorist.
D) biological theorist.

Answer 6

C) cognitive-behavioral theorist.

Question 7

When would religious rituals and superstitious behavior (such as not stepping on cracks)be considered compulsive behaviors?

A) when they are done to provide comfort and reduce tension
B) when they are done more than once a day
C) when they interfere with daily function and cause distress
D) never

Answer 7

C) when they interfere with daily function and cause distress

Question 8

The most appropriate motto for someone with generalized anxiety disorder is:

A) “Better safe than sorry.”
B) “Life’s a gamble; give it your best shot.”
C) “When you reach the mountaintop,it’s hard to come back down.”
D) “Nothing ventured,nothing gained.”

Answer 8

A) “Better safe than sorry.”

Question 9

A person who believes that everything is a disaster and nothing good will ever happen again when things are not the way he or she would like them to be is displaying:

A) meta-worry.
B) irrational assumptions.
C) compulsion.
D) conditions of worth.

Answer 9

B) irrational assumptions.

Question 10

What is the biggest difference between those individuals with body dysmorphic disorder and those individuals who are unhappy with their appearance?

A) People with body dysmorphic disorder may severely limit their contact with other people.
B) People with body dysmorphic disorder worry about their appearance.
C) People with body dysmorphic disorder must consider suicide to get a diagnosis.
D) People with body dysmorphic disorder would change something about their appearance if they could.

Answer 10

A) People with body dysmorphic disorder may severely limit their contact with other people.

Question 11

Rhoda’s fear of attending a party is debilitating. To treat this fear,her therapist has Rhoda rehearse introducing herself.This is called:

A) modeling.
B) role-play.
C) covert desensitization.
D) systematic desensitization.

Answer 11

B) role-play.

Question 12

A phobic person is taught to imagine the feared items as part of desensitization training.This is an example of the _____ technique.

A) covert
B) modeling
C) fear hierarchical flooding
D) in vivo

Answer 12

A) covert

Question 13

If the idea of preparedness is accurate,then:

A) some phobias should be acquired more easily than others.
B) all phobias should diminish with treatment at about the same rate.
C) animals and humans should have the same phobias.
D) phobias should be less frequent in the modern era than in ancient times.

Answer 13

A) some phobias should be acquired more easily than others.

Question 14

Which statement best represents the evidence supporting the usefulness of client-centered therapy for those with generalized anxiety disorder versus for those with the same condition who receive placebo therapy?

A) Client-centered therapy is only sometimes superior to placebo therapy.
B) Client-centered therapy is vastly superior to placebo therapy.
C) There is no difference,indicating client-centered therapy is not a useful approach.
D) Surprising research indicates placebo therapy is more effective than client-centered therapy.

Answer 14

A) Client-centered therapy is only sometimes superior to placebo therapy.

Question 15

Eldon occasionally has a racing heartbeat.When this happens,he panics and thinks he is going to die.Gradually,he has developed panic attacks if he even thinks that his heart is beating strongly.Eldon apparently has a high degree of:

A) fear.
B) anxiety.
C) obsessive imagery.
D) anxiety sensitivity.

Answer 15

D) anxiety sensitivity.

Question 16

A person experiences wide-ranging and persistent feelings of worry and anxiety.This is most likely which disorder?

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) specific phobia
C) social anxiety disorder
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Answer 16

A) generalized anxiety disorder

Question 17

Lucy is considering taking an antidepressant that increases levels of serotonin and improves brain function for symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder.She could expect that:

A) this medication wouldn’t be very effective.
B) this medication would lead to immediate and long-lasting relief of symptoms.
C) this medication would lead to short-term relief,but relapse would occur if she stopped taking it.
D) adding cognitive therapies would help relieve symptoms in the short term but not in the long term.

Answer 17

C) this medication would lead to short-term relief,but relapse would occur if she stopped taking it.

Question 18

Which behavior pattern is NOT listed in DSM-5 as an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder?

A) Agoraphobia
B) Body dysmorphic disorder
C) Trichotillomania
D) Hoarding disorder

Answer 18

A) Agoraphobia

Question 19

Dr.Lopez wants to improve the effectiveness of GABA in a client.She should choose:

A) a drug that increases neuronal firing speed.
B) a benzodiazepine.
C) any of the antidepressants.
D) a drug that works on the endocrine level rather than the neuron level.

Answer 19

B) a benzodiazepine.

Question 20

Which explanation of phobias states the belief that human beings,as a species,have a predisposition to develop certain fears?

A) the environmental explanation
B) the behavioral-evolutionary explanation
C) the empirical explanation
D) the externalized behavior explanation

Answer 20

B) the behavioral-evolutionary explanation

Question 21

A person was recently diagnosed with social anxiety disorder.A BEST guess is that the person is in _____ school and is _____ likely than average to have a close relative with social anxiety disorder.

A) elementary; more
B) high; more
C) elementary; less
D) high; less

Answer 21

B) high; more

Question 22

What is the BEST combination of treatments to treat obsessive-compulsive-related disorders?

A) client-centered therapies and exposure therapies
B) exposure therapies and antidepressant drugs
C) antidepressant drugs and biofeedback
D) biofeedback and relaxation training

Answer 22

B) exposure therapies and antidepressant drugs

Question 23

Which statement about the use of antidepressants to treat panic disorders is MOST accurate?

A) Antianxiety drugs are preferred over antidepressants.
B) The drugs must be taken as needed rather than on a regular schedule.
C) The drugs are effective for only about 25 percent of the people who take them.
D) It appears that all antidepressant drugs that restore norepinephrine help prevent or reduce panic symptoms.

Answer 23

D) It appears that all antidepressant drugs that restore norepinephrine help prevent or reduce panic symptoms.

Question 24

Which statement reflects the MOST common obsessive thought?

A) If I touch that doorknob,I will be dirty and contaminated.
B) I must make sure that the brochures are folded evenly.
C) I can hardly stop myself from yelling sexual obscenities in class.
D) I hope that person dies a long,slow death.

Answer 24

A) If I touch that doorknob,I will be dirty and contaminated.

Question 25

People who experience obsessions show:

A) typical levels of worry about real problems.
B) thoughts that are intrusive and foreign to them.
C) thoughts that they can easily ignore and resist.
D) a lack of awareness that the thoughts are inappropriate.

Answer 25

C) thoughts that they can easily ignore and resist.

Question 26

The drug treatment that is MOST effective in treating panic disorders is a(n):

A) antianxiety drug.
B) antidepressant drug.
C) heart medication.
D) antipsychotic medication.

Answer 26

B) antidepressant drug.

Question 27

Katherine always feels threatened and anxious,imagining something awful is about to happen.She is able to work and care for her family,although not as well as she would like.Katherine is probably experiencing:

A) a generalized anxiety disorder.
B) a hormonal imbalance.
C) no specific problem; worrying is a personality trait.
D) a specific fear response.

Answer 27

A) a generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 28

Rosa’s heart was racing from her fourth cup of coffee,but she thought she might be having a heart attack.Her fear seemed to be increasing without end.This might be the beginning of a:

A) panic attack.
B) manic episode.
C) specific phobia.
D) social phobia.

Answer 28

A) panic attack.

Question 29

A client has body dysmorphic disorder and is considering plastic surgery. Is this a recommended treatment for this client?

A) Yes.Plastic surgery typically relieves body dysmorphic symptoms.

B) Possibly.Plastic surgery can improve clients’ self-image if the “problem” area is small.

C) No. Often, people who have plastic surgery for body dysmorphic disorder actually feel worse afterward.

D) No.Studies show that almost one-third of people who have plastic surgery for body dysmorphic disorder later attempt suicide.

Answer 29

C) No.Often,people who have plastic surgery for body dysmorphic disorder actually feel worse afterward.

Question 30

According to Freud,in which stage of development do obsessive-compulsive disorders originate?

A) oral
B) anal
C) phallic
D) genital

Answer 30

B) anal

Question 31

Before grading papers,a professor puts on rubber gloves.During class and in interactions with students,the professor painstakingly avoids any contact with the hands of students.The professor is exhibiting a(n):

A) cleaning compulsion.
B) checking compulsion.
C) order compulsion.
D) touching compulsion.

Answer 31

D) touching compulsion

Question 32

What type of drug is alprazolam (Xanax)?

A) antipsychotic
B) antidepressant
C) benzodiazepine
D) major tranquilizer

Answer 32

C) benzodiazepine

Question 33

A major limitation of treating generalized anxiety disorder with antipsychotic medication is that these medications:

A) do not alter the activity of dopamine.
B) simply are not effective.
C) increase panic attacks.
D) can produce serious side effects.

Answer 33

D) can produce serious side effects.

Question 34

According to the psychodynamic perspective,if someone keeps obsessing about immoral sexual behavior and repeatedly scrubs his or her face and hands in response to those thoughts:

A) the scrubbing represents a healthy coping response.
B) the immoral images represent id impulses.
C) the superego is helping the person to avoid id impulses.
D) ego defenses are not present.

Answer 34

B) the immoral images represent id impulses.

Question 35

When Marianela was a young child and watching TV with her mother,a mouse ran by.Her mother screamed,scaring her.Ever since then,Marianela has been afraid of mice.In this example,the mouse is the:

A) conditioned response.
B) unconditioned response.
C) conditioned stimulus.
D) unconditioned stimulus.

Answer 35

C) conditioned stimulus.

Question 36

Which statement is TRUE about social anxiety disorder?

A) Each year,approximately 8 percent of all people in the United States experience social anxiety disorder.
B) Men are more likely than women to experience social anxiety disorder.
C) Wealthier people are more likely to develop social anxiety disorder.
D) Social anxiety disorder tends to develop in early childhood.

Answer 36

A) Each year,approximately 8 percent of all people in the United States experience social anxiety disorder.

Question 37

Which statement describes how phobias and common fear differ?

A) Fear more dramatically interferes with a person’s life.
B) Fear relates to intangible objects,whereas a phobia is specific to tangible things.
C) A phobia causes physiological changes,whereas fear causes cognitive changes.
D) A phobia leads to a greater desire to avoid the thing that causes fear.

Answer 37

D) A phobia leads to a greater desire to avoid the thing that causes fear.

Question 38

According to Freud,children who are prevented from expressing id impulses (for example,making mud pies,playing war,and exploring their genitals)are at risk for developing:

A) specific phobias.
B) anxiety.
C) fear.
D) an existential crisis.

Answer 38

B) anxiety.

Question 39

In a research setting,a drug is given to a person.The drug causes that person to hyperventilate and experience a rapid heart rate.This is a(n):

A) in vivo test.
B) modeling test.
C) covert sensitization test.
D) biological challenge test.

Answer 39

D) biological challenge test.

Question 40

Which is NOT a disadvantage of taking benzodiazepines?

A) lack of sleep,increased anxiety,and passivity
B) return of anxiety symptoms when the medication is withdrawn
C) impairment in cognitive and psychomotor functioning
D) a physical dependence on the drug

Answer 40

A) lack of sleep,increased anxiety,and passivity

Question 41

A woman constantly avoids crowded streets and buildings,and she is very reluctant to leave home,even with a friend.Recently,she has started experiencing sudden,extreme fear every time she enters a crowded street.MOST likely,this woman would be diagnosed with:

A) panic disorder and specific phobia.
B) panic disorder.
C) agoraphobia and panic disorder.
D) agoraphobia.

Answer 41

C) agoraphobia and panic disorder.

Question 42

Which brain areas have been implicated in obsessive-compulsive symptoms?

A) the frontal lobes and the thalamus
B) the thalamus and the hypothalamus
C) the motor cortex and the caudate nuclei
D) the orbitofrontal cortex and the caudate nuclei

Answer 42

D) the orbitofrontal cortex and the caudate nuclei

Question 43

What is the biggest difference between treatment outcomes for persons with agoraphobia and persons with specific phobias?

A) Treatment of agoraphobia brings less relief to individuals than do the highly successful treatments for specific phobias
B) Outcomes for specific phobias are contingent on the type of phobia the individual has.
C) Treatment for agoraphobia is easier to implement than treatment for specific phobias.
D) Treatment for agoraphobia is more successful than treatment for specific phobias,but it is more expensive and time-consuming.

Answer 43

A) Treatment of agoraphobia brings less relief to individuals than do the highly successful treatments for specific phobias

Question 44

A person is being treated for a social anxiety disorder.A therapist watches the person act out a social scene,points out what she did correctly and incorrectly,and praises her for what she did well.Which behavioral technique did the therapist NOT use?

A) role-playing
B) feedback
C) modeling
D) reinforcement

Answer 44

C) modeling

Question 45

Agoraphobia is the fear of:

A) flying.
B) speaking.
C) public places.
D) spiders.

Answer 45

C) public places.

Question 46

Beatrice is prescribed a medication for her anxiety.When she takes a small dose,she feels calmer.When she takes a larger dose,she can fall asleep without tossing and turning.This type of drug is called:

A) a sedative-hypnotic drug.
B) an antidepressant.
C) an antipsychotic.
D) a sleeping pill.

Answer 46

A) a sedative-hypnotic drug.

Question 47

What are the persistent thoughts,ideas,impulses,or images that seem to invade a person’s consciousness called?

A) obsessions
B) phobias
C) panic attacks
D) compulsions

Answer 47

A) obsessions

Question 48

Which of the following is a major similarity between the work of Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck?

A) the notion that anxiety is caused by self-doubt
B) the idea that anxiety is heightened when a person does not receive empathy
C) the belief that maladaptive thoughts cause anxiety
D) the focus on the genetic component of anxiety

Answer 48

C) the belief that maladaptive thoughts cause anxiety

Question 49

A psychotherapist models appropriate social skills for a client with social anxiety disorder,then uses modeling for another client with a phobia for spiders.What the therapist is doing is:

A) common; modeling is often used in the treatment of these kinds of disorders.

B) uncommon; modeling is often used in the treatment of social anxiety disorders but seldom used in the treatment of specific phobias.

C) uncommon; modeling is seldom used in the treatment of social anxiety disorders but commonly used in the treatment of specific phobias.

D) rare; modeling is seldom used in the treatment of these kinds of disorders.

Answer 49

A) common; modeling is often used in the treatment of these kinds of disorders.

Question 50

Several techniques,such as modeling and role-play,are combined to treat social anxiety disorder in:

A) exposure therapy.
B) social skills training.
C) social flooding.
D) self-help programs.

Answer 50

B) social skills training.

Question 51

If a therapist gave a client homework that required the client to challenge faulty assumptions and replace them with healthier ones,the therapist would be using:

A) cognitive-existential therapy.
B) client-centered therapy.
C) rational-emotive therapy.
D) acceptance and commitment therapy.

Answer 51

C) rational-emotive therapy.

Question 52

Apparently,people develop phobias more readily to things such as spiders and the dark than they do to objects such as computers and radios.This observation supports the idea of:

A) modeling.
B) stimulus generalization.
C) conditioning.
D) preparedness.

Answer 52

D) preparedness.

Question 53

Your worries are only thoughts. Don’t try to stop them! Recognize that they’re thoughts,and don’t let them upset you so much.These statements MOST likely would come from someone using which form of therapy for generalized anxiety disorder?

A) rational-emotive therapy
B) mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
C) intolerance of uncertainty therapy
D) biofeedback

Answer 53

B) mindfulness-based cognitive therapy

Question 54

Someone interested in how social change,poverty,and race affect the risk for generalized anxiety disorders probably supports which perspective?

A) the cognitive-behavioral perspective
B) the psychodynamic perspective
C) the sociocultural perspective
D) the humanistic-existential perspective

Answer 54

C) the sociocultural perspective

Question 55

Psychodynamic therapies as a treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorders:

A) appear to work better when used in the short term rather than in traditional ways.
B) must avoid pointing out the client’s defense mechanisms.
C) work on intensifying the underlying conflict.
D) do not interpret the client’s behavior.

Answer 55

A) appear to work better when used in the short term rather than in traditional ways.

Question 56

Which brain area is rich in neurons and uses norepinephrine?

A) the prefrontal cortex
B) the locus coeruleus
C) the cerebellum
D) the motor strip

Answer 56

B) the locus coeruleus

Question 57

How does fear differ from anxiety?

A) Fear is a response to a specific threat,whereas anxiety is more general.
B) Anxiety is more likely to lead to aggression than is fear.
C) Fear is a response to an inanimate threat,whereas anxiety is a response to an interpersonal threat.
D) Anxiety is an immediate response,whereas fear is more vague.

Answer 57

A) Fear is a response to a specific threat,whereas anxiety is more general.

Question 58

Which theoretical position explains the origin of phobias as due to classical conditioning?

A) the biological position
B) the sociocultural position
C) the behavioral position
D) the psychodynamic position

Answer 58

C) the behavioral position

Question 59

Until recently,the evidence that generalized anxiety disorder is related to biological factors came largely from:

A) drug studies.
B) clinical interviews.
C) family pedigree studies.
D) neurological studies.

Answer 59

C) family pedigree studies.

Question 60

A psychologist believes that her client has a generalized anxiety disorder due to a lack of unconditional positive regard as a child and as a result has developed conditions of worth.The psychologist is following which theory?

A) Pavlov’s conditioning theory
B) Freud’s psychoanalytic theory
C) Rogers’ client-centered theory
D) Ellis’ rational-emotive theory

Answer 60

C) Rogers’ client-centered theory

Question 61

Which is an example of a specific social anxiety?

A) fear of public speaking
B) fear of heights
C) fear of tornadoes when a tornado warning is in effect
D) fear of generally functioning poorly in front of others

Answer 61

A) fear of public speaking

Question 62

Drew is terrified of the snakes that his 8-year-old son brings home as pets.During his therapy,his therapist demonstrated how to handle snakes.This is a form of therapy based on:

A) flooding.
B) modeling.
C) implosive techniques.
D) covert desensitization.

Answer 62

B) modeling.

Question 63

A procedure used to treat social anxiety disorder that forces the client to face his or her dreaded social situation until the fear subsides is:

A) exposure therapy.
B) modeling.
C) implosive therapy.
D) systematic desensitization.

Answer 63

A) exposure therapy.

Question 64

Which statement MOST accurately reflects current research findings regarding phobias?

A) Phobias are always a result of classical conditioning.
B) Phobias are almost always a result of classical conditioning.
C) Phobias ordinarily are a result of classical conditioning.
D) Phobias may be a result of classical conditioning.

Answer 64

A) Phobias are always a result of classical conditioning.

Question 65

Danique is never sure of the right thing to do.She married Anthony and has wondered for hours every day for years if that was the right decision.She is exhibiting:

A) a compulsion.
B) obsessive ideas.
C) obsessive doubts.
D) obsessive images.

Answer 65

C) obsessive doubts.

Question 66

People who experience a positive event,get excited,breathe harder,and have an increased heart rate,and subsequently interpret the symptoms as a heart attack,are experiencing what cognitive theorists call:

A) a biological challenge.
B) behavioral inhibition.
C) anxiety sensitivity.
D) an exposure relapse.

Answer 66

C) anxiety sensitivity.

Question 67

As part of desensitization training,a phobic person is taken to a snake-handling convention to confront snakes.This is an example of what kind of technique?

A) the covert technique
B) the modeling technique
C) the fear hierarchical technique
D) the in vivo technique

Answer 67

D) the in vivo technique

Question 68

The MOST common mental disorders in the United States are:

A) mood disorders.
B) anxiety disorders.
C) personality disorders.
D) sexual disorders.

Answer 68

B) anxiety disorders.

Question 69

Benzodiazepines are believed to be effective in treating generalized anxiety disorder because they mimic the effect of what neurotransmitter at certain receptor sites in the brain?

A) acetylcholine
B) dopamine
C) GABA
D) serotonin

Answer 69

C) GABA

Question 70

A phobic person is exposed to computer graphics that simulate real-world situations.This is an example of the _____ technique.

A) covert
B) virtual reality
C) fear hierarchical flooding
D) in vivo

Answer 70

B) virtual reality

Question 71

For an antidepressant to be effective against obsessive-compulsive disorder,it must:

A) increase serotonin activity.
B) decrease serotonin activity.
C) increase norepinephrine activity.
D) decrease norepinephrine activity.

Answer 71

A) increase serotonin activity.

Question 72

An example of a meta-worry is demonstrated by someone who:

A) worries about all possible signs of danger.
B) worries about not worrying enough.
C) thinks about worrying.
D) worries about worrying.

Answer 72

D) worries about worrying.

Question 73

Which statement is TRUE regarding the use of mindfulness-based therapy?

A) Its use has been resisted in therapy applications.
B) Many cognitive-behavioral therapists support its use in therapy applications,but only to treat generalized anxiety disorder.
C) It has been used to treat a wide range of disorders,including generalized anxiety disorder.
D) It is so new that no one is sure of its treatment applicability.

Answer 73

C) It has been used to treat a wide range of disorders,including generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 74

If a person criticized everything he did,always looking for flaws,and never could measure up to his own personal standards,he would be exhibiting what Rogers called:

A) empathy.
B) unconditional positive regard.
C) conditions of worth.
D) moral anxiety.

Answer 74

C) conditions of worth.

Question 75

The avoidance theory of generalized anxiety disorder suggests that worrying:

A) serves to reduce bodily arousal.
B) interferes with our ability to cope with life.
C) keeps the focus on emotions,not cognitions.
D) is an uncontrollable part of life.

Answer 75

A) serves to reduce bodily arousal

Question 76

An exposure technique in which the therapist confronts the feared object or situation while the fearful person observes is called:

A) modeling.
B) flooding.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) biofeedback.

Answer 76

A) modeling.

Question 77

Which disorder is characterized by severe,persistent,and irrational anxiety about social or performance situations in which the person may face scrutiny by others and possibly feel embarrassment?

A) specific phobias
B) generalized anxiety disorder
C) agoraphobia
D) social anxiety disorder

Answer 77

D) social anxiety disorder

Question 78

A person asks,”What’s the MOST effective treatment for social anxiety disorder?” What is the BEST research-based answer?

A) Antidepressant medication eliminates symptoms faster than,and for at least as long as,the best psychotherapy.
B) Antianxiety medication eliminates symptoms faster than the best psychotherapy.
C) The best psychotherapy eliminates symptoms as fast,but not as long,as the best drug therapy.
D) The best psychotherapy eliminates symptoms as fast as,and longer than,the best drug therapy.

Answer 78

D) The best psychotherapy eliminates symptoms as fast as,and longer than,the best drug therapy.

Question 79

A person attempts to eliminate unwanted thoughts by thinking or behaving in ways that put matters right internally.They are trying to ____ the thoughts.

A) reinforce
B) increase
C) neutralize
D) clarify

Answer 79

C) neutralize

Question 80

A person asks,”What’s the MOST effective treatment for social anxiety disorder?” What is the BEST research-based answer?

A) Antidepressant medication eliminates symptoms faster than,and for at least as long as,the best psychotherapy.
B) Antianxiety medication eliminates symptoms faster than the best psychotherapy.
C) The best psychotherapy eliminates symptoms as fast,but not as long,as the best drug therapy.
D) The best psychotherapy eliminates symptoms as fast as,and longer than,the best drug therapy.

Answer 80

D) The best psychotherapy eliminates symptoms as fast as,and longer than,the best drug therapy.`

Question 81

Cognitive-behavioral theorists have found that people who develop obsessive-compulsive disorder also:

A) have a lower rate of depression.
B) have lower standards of conduct and morality.
C) believe it is impossible and undesirable to have control over everything.
D) believe their thoughts are capable of causing harm to themselves or others.

Answer 81

D) believe their thoughts are capable of causing harm to themselves or others.

Question 82

A neurologist who was working with a person with obsessive-compulsive disorder would be suspicious of abnormality in which region of the brain?

A) hypothalamus
B) caudate nuclei
C) cerebral cortex
D) temporal lobe

Answer 82

B) caudate nuclei

Question 83

A person says,”I’ve been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder,and my therapist wants me to use drug therapy,not psychological therapy.I don’t know which to choose.” Based on current research,the BEST answer would be:

A) That’s the best advice your therapist could have given.
B) Some therapists think psychological therapy should always be used,even with drug therapy; there’s less chance of relapse.
C) Drug therapy works especially well in combination with short-term psychodynamic therapy; cognitive-behavioral therapies don’t help much.
D) Unfortunately,no therapy works very well in the long run for most people with social anxiety disorder.

Answer 83

B) Some therapists think psychological therapy should always be used,even with drug therapy; there’s less chance of relapse.

Question 84

Which statement is TRUE about drug and cognitive treatments for panic disorder?

A) Drug treatments are significantly more effective,especially early in the disorder.
B) The effectiveness of cognitive treatments declines over time.
C) Cognitive treatments have proved to be at least as effective as medications,if not more so.
D) Neither drug treatments nor cognitive treatments show much promise.

Answer 84

C) Cognitive treatments have proved to be at least as effective as medications,if not more so.

Question 85

What is one important way obsessions and compulsions are related?

A) Compulsions are a way to prevent obsessions from occurring.
B) Obsessions generally lead to violent or immoral compulsions.
C) Compulsions help people control their obsessions.
D) Obsessions are not related to compulsions.

Answer 85

C) Compulsions help people control their obsessions.

Question 86

Manuel is afraid of eating in public because he expects to be judged negatively and to feel humiliated.As a result,he makes up excuses when asked out to eat.His diagnosis would probably be:

A) a social phobia.
B) a specific phobia.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) posttraumatic stress disorder

Answer 86

A) a social phobia.

Question 87

Which is NOT a component of social anxiety disorder,according to research by cognitive theorists?

A) repeatedly reviewing social events after they have occurred
B) thinking one has social flaws,which leads to anxiety
C) underestimating how badly a social event actually went
D) overestimating how badly things might go during a social event

Answer 87

C) underestimating how badly a social event actually went

Question 88

A professor’s office is a mess; graded tests are in piles on the desk,overflowing bookshelves line the walls,and research materials from years ago occupy boxes on the floor where there is only a narrow pathway to walk.If the professor is experiencing a diagnosable disorder,it would MOST likely be in which category?

A) social anxiety disorders
B) panic disorders
C) obsessive-compulsive-related disorders
D) specific phobias

Answer 88

C) obsessive-compulsive-related disorders

Question 89

Every once in a while, Ona feels nervous to the point of terror.This feeling seems to come on suddenly and randomly.Her experience is an example of a(n):

A) panic disorder.
B) phobic disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Answer 89

A) panic disorder.

Question 90

When Logan was 5 years old,he was playing with a stuffed bunny when a burglar broke into his home.Now,as an adult,Logan is terrified of rabbits.Why do cognitive-behavioral theorists believe Logan dreads rabbits,even though he should know they are harmless?

A) Logan never got close enough to rabbits to learn they are actually harmless.
B) Logan’s brain has been rewired by his childhood trauma.
C) Fearing rabbits protects Logan from confronting real threats in the world.
D) Logan’s fear has been transmitted genetically through an evolutionary process.

Answer 90

A) Logan never got close enough to rabbits to learn they are actually harmless.

Question 91

Researchers believe that panic disorder is biologically different from generalized anxiety disorder,based on differences in the:

A) way the amygdala works in each disorder.
B) alarm and escape response in the brain.
C) brain circuitry involved in the two disorders.
D) heritability of the two disorders.

Answer 91

C) brain circuitry involved in the two disorders.

Question 92

A person says,”I’ll try to see only the positive side of things,then everything will be OK.” From a cognitive-behavioral perspective,this person is _____ obsessive thoughts.

A) neutralizing
B) habituating
C) exposing
D) engaging in

Answer 92

A) neutralizing

Question 93

“Who wouldn’t be afraid all the time? We have the bomb,overpopulation,AIDS,and violent crime everywhere.It’s difficult to get a good job unless you’re a computer genius.” This complaint is consistent with a _____ explanation of generalized anxiety disorder.

A) behavioral
B) humanistic
C) sociocultural
D) psychodynamic

Answer 93

C) sociocultural

Question 94

Phobic and generalized anxiety disorders arise when people stop looking at themselves honestly and with acceptance and instead deny and distort their true thoughts,emotions,and behavior.Which kind of theorist would offer the preceding explanation for anxiety disorders?

A) a biological theorist
B) a cognitive-behavioral theorist
C) a sociocultural theorist
D) a humanistic theorist

Answer 94

D) a humanistic theorist

Question 95

In terms of cognitive theories that explain generalized anxiety disorder,which of these theories has a good deal of research support?

A) only metacognitive theory
B) only intolerance of uncertainty theory
C) neither metacognitive theory nor intolerance of uncertainty theory
D) both metacognitive theory and intolerance of uncertainty theory

Answer 95

D) both metacognitive theory and intolerance of uncertainty theory

Question 96

Compared with men,women are _____ to develop generalized anxiety disorder.

A) equally likely
B) about half as likely
C) twice as likely
D) not at all likely

Answer 96

C) twice as likely

Question 97

Jie has had a feeling of being on edge for several days now.She can’t think of a reason for why she feels this way.This feeling is called:

A) free-floating anxiety.
B) specific anxiety.
C) fearful anxiety.
D) obsession.

Answer 97

A) free-floating anxiety.

Question 98

The biological understanding of generalized anxiety is supported by the finding that:

A) relatives of people with generalized anxiety are more likely to have it than nonrelatives are.
B) distant relatives of people with generalized anxiety are more likely to have it than close relatives are.
C) relatives share not only biological characteristics but also similar environments.
D) identical twins have more similar environments than fraternal twins.

Answer 98

A) relatives of people with generalized anxiety are more likely to have it than nonrelatives are.

Question 99

Exposure and response prevention as treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder:

A) changes behavior in the clinic but does not carry over to the home and the workplace.
B) works only in about 25 percent of those individuals who are treated with it.
C) leads to improvement that often continues indefinitely.
D) is effective only in a group setting

Answer 99

C) leads to improvement that often continues indefinitely.

Question 100

A belief of many early cognitive-behavioral therapists,and one that continues to be influential today,is that generalized anxiety disorder is induced by:

A) maladaptive assumptions.
B) lack of empathy.
C) interpersonal loss.
D) overactive id impulses.

Answer 100

.

Question 101

A belief of many early cognitive-behavioral therapists,and one that continues to be influential today,is that generalized anxiety disorder is induced by:

A) maladaptive assumptions.
B) lack of empathy.
C) interpersonal loss.
D) overactive id impulses.

Answer 101

A) maladaptive assumptions.

Question 102

Sebastian was outside the parking garage when,out of nowhere,he suddenly felt overwhelming fear.Sebastian noticed that his fear increased,he started to feel out of control,and the intensity of the feelings seemed to reach a peak and then pass within a few minutes.This is an example of a:

A) panic attack.
B) phobic disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) posttraumatic stress disorder.

Answer 102

.A) panic attack.

Question 103

GABA has been implicated in the etiology of:

A) schizophrenia.
B) panic disorder.
C) conversion disorder.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Answer 103

D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 104

A person who believes that one should be thoroughly competent and perform flawlessly in all possible aspects of life is displaying:

A) meta-worry.
B) irrational assumptions.
C) compulsion.
D) conditions of worth.

Answer 104

B) irrational assumptions.

Question 105

Panic disorder appears to be related to abnormal activity of which neurotransmitter?

A) norepinephrine
B) epinephrine
C) serotonin
D) endorphin

Answer 105

A) norepinephrine

Question 106

Research on the cognitive explanation for the development of generalized anxiety shows that people with generalized anxiety symptoms:

A) respond more fearfully to predictable events than to unpredictable events.
B) fail to pay attention to threatening cues.
C) are more likely to have fast and strong physical reactions to stress.
D) show little physiological arousal to stress.

Answer 106

C) are more likely to have fast and strong physical reactions to stress.

Question 107

What are brain circuits?

A) GABA receptors
B) networks of brain structures that work together
C) neurotransmitters at work
D) brain formations in the prefrontal cortex

Answer 107

B) networks of brain structures that work together

Question 108

A compulsion to keep placing certain items (such as clothing,books,or foods)in perfect order in accordance with strict rules is a:

A) checking compulsion.
B) counting compulsion.
C) balance compulsion.
D) cleaning compulsion.

Answer 108

C) balance compulsion.

Question 109

One limitation of the sociocultural approach to understanding generalized anxiety disorders is that it cannot explain:

A) the paradox that as poverty gets worse,generalized anxiety declines.
B) the relationships among race,poverty,and job opportunity.
C) why everyone who experiences danger doesn’t experience generalized anxiety.
D) the differences in generalized anxiety in countries around the world.

Answer 109

C) why everyone who experiences danger doesn’t experience generalized anxiety.

Question 110

According to Freud,a generalized anxiety disorder is MOST likely to result when:

A) a person does not dream,and thus has no outlet for anxiety.
B) defense mechanisms are too weak to cope with anxiety.
C) a person never has a chance to experience trauma.
D) defense mechanisms are too strong.

Answer 110

B) defense mechanisms are too weak to cope with anxiety.

Question 111

Which group emphasizes the beliefs and expectations that lead someone with a social anxiety disorder to overestimate how bad a social interaction went?

A) cognitive-behavioral theorists
B) biological theorists
C) sociocultural theorists
D) existential theorists

Answer 111

A) cognitive-behavioral theorists

Question 112

What does the client do when the modeling approach is used to treat a phobia?

A) The client confronts the feared object directly.
B) The client observes the therapist confronting the feared object.
C) The client imagines the therapist confronting the feared object.
D) The client imagines himself or herself confronting the feared object.

Answer 112

B) The client observes the therapist confronting the feared object.

Question 113

A person is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and afraid of dying.Assuming this event is not a heart attack, but rather an indicator of anxiety disorder, it is MOST likely a:

A) panic attack.
B) phobia.
C) obsessive-compulsive response.
D) posttraumatic disorder.

Answer 113

A) panic attack.

Question 114

According to the intolerance of uncertainty theory,individuals with generalized anxiety disorder are:

A) likely to have difficulty tolerating the knowledge that a negative event may occur.
B) likely to underestimate the chances that any positive event will occur.
C) able to tolerate uncertainty only in mildly threatening events.
D) able to tolerate uncertainty only in severely threatening events.

Answer 114

A) likely to have difficulty tolerating the knowledge that a negative event may occur.

Question 115

What is the therapy for generalized anxiety disorder developed by Albert Ellis called?

A) stress inoculation training
B) rational-emotive therapy
C) self-instruction training
D) behavior modification

Answer 115

B) rational-emotive therapy

Question 116

Cognitive-behavioral theorists believe that compulsive behavior is:

A) reinforced because engaging in it reduces anxiety.
B) originally associated with an increased level of anxiety.
C) logically,rather than randomly,connected to fearful situations.
D) exhibited by everyone.

Answer 116

A) reinforced because engaging in it reduces anxiety.

Question 117

Nicholas has an intense fear of dogs that won’t go away. He avoids looking at pictures of dogs,and sometimes he can’t even leave the house when neighbors are walking their dogs.This kind of fear would be classified as which kind of disorder?

A) panic disorder
B) phobic disorder
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 117

B) phobic disorder

Question 118

According to cognitive-behavioral theorists,why do patients engage in compulsive behaviors?

A) Those behaviors reduce anxiety and are thus negatively reinforced.
B) They have been punished in the past for engaging in the compulsive behaviors.
C) They need a higher level of anxiety than average to be productive.
D) They are irrational thinkers.

Answer 118

A) Those behaviors reduce anxiety and are thus negatively reinforced.

Question 119

GABA acts by:

A) increasing neuronal firing in the brain.
B) doubling the rate of neuronal firing.
C) intensifying the strength of neuronal firing.
D) inhibiting neuronal firing in the brain.

Answer 119

D) inhibiting neuronal firing in the brain.

Question 120

Which is the BEST example of a broad social anxiety?

A) unwillingness to eat in front of others
B) fear of public speaking
C) apprehension about being evaluated by others
D) anxiety about walking in front of others

Answer 120

C) apprehension about being evaluated by others

Question 121

Which medications work primarily by enhancing the effectiveness of GABA?

A) antidepressants
B) antipsychotics
C) immunosuppressants
D) benzodiazepines

Answer 121

D) benzodiazepines

Question 122

Which is an anxiety disorder?

A) schizophrenia
B) bipolar disorder
C) major depression
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Answer 122

D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 123

Dylan is suffering from arachnophobia.His therapist first has him go through relaxation training,and then has him construct a fear hierarchy.Finally,the therapist has Dylan go through a phase of graded pairings of spiders and relaxation responses.This approach is called:

A) modeling.
B) flooding.
C) implosive therapy.
D) systematic desensitization.

Answer 123

D) systematic desensitization.

Question 124

Which statement is MOST accurate?

A) Anxiety is caused by deficient levels of GABA throughout the brain.
B) Long-term anxiety contributes to poor GABA reception.
C) High GABA reception causes long-term anxiety.
D) Low GABA levels can increase activity in the fear circuit,leading to increased anxiety.

Answer 124

D) Low GABA levels can increase activity in the fear circuit,leading to increased anxiety.

Question 125

Antidepressant drugs are frequently effective in treating panic attacks.This disorder is related to levels of the neurotransmitter:

A) GABA.
B) dopamine.
C) acetylcholine.
D) norepinephrine.

Answer 125

D) norepinephrine.

Question 126

Disorders that involve particular patterns of repetitive and excessive behavior that greatly disrupt a person’s life and can cause shame are called:

A) body dysmorphic disorders.
B) panic disorders.
C) social anxiety disorders.
D) obsessive-compulsive-related disorders.

Answer 126

.D) obsessive-compulsive-related disorders.

Question 127

The first step in systematic desensitization treatment is:

A) role-playing.
B) relaxation training.
C) construction of a fear hierarchy.
D) graded pairings with the phobic object.

Answer 127

B) relaxation training.

Question 128

The cognitive explanation for panic disorders is that people who have them:

A) have relatives who are atypically anxious.
B) are prone to allergies and have immune deficiencies.
C) misinterpret bodily sensations.
D) experience more than the average amount of stress.

Answer 128

C) misinterpret bodily sensations.

Question 129

Which statement is NOT true regarding specific phobias?

A) Many people have more than one phobia at a time.
B) Repeated exposure to the object causes a gradual fear response.
C) Women are more likely to have a specific phobia compared to men.
D) People make elaborate efforts to avoid the object of specific phobias.

Answer 129

B) Repeated exposure to the object causes a gradual fear response.

Question 130

A client has been experiencing uncontrolled anxiety. His symptoms include edginess, sleep changes, fatigue, and significant distress. To meet the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder,these symptoms must be present for at least how many months?

A) 1 month
B) 3 months
C) 6 months
D) 12 months

Answer 130

.C) 6 months

Question 131

A psychodynamic theorist finds that a client is experiencing a battle between anxiety-provoking id impulses and anxiety-reducing ego defense mechanisms.He thinks that in this case this usually unconscious conflict is being played out in an open and obvious manner.He is sure this underlying conflict explains his client’s:

A) fugue state.
B) schizophrenia.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Answer 131

D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 132

Which behavioral assumption has the LEAST amount of research to support it?

A) Fear can be acquired through modeling.
B) Phobias are primarily acquired through classical conditioning in humans.
C) Animals can learn to make avoidance responses.
D) Phobias can be acquired through classical conditioning in humans.

Answer 132

B) Phobias are primarily acquired through classical conditioning in humans.

Question 133

Which statement is NOT usually true of those persons with body dysmorphic disorder?

A) They are concerned about a particular part of their body.
B) They reduce contacts with others.
C) About half seek surgical or dermatological treatments.
D) Most disorder-specific behaviors would be considered normal for a teenager.

Answer 133

.D) Most disorder-specific behaviors would be considered normal for a teenager.

Question 134

A psychologist is seeing a client with a phobic disorder and suggests a course of therapy in which relaxation therapy is paired with the thought of the feared object.This is known as:

A) implosive therapy.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) experimental extinction.
D) self-instruction training.

Answer 134

B) systematic desensitization.

Question 135

Which of these describes a compulsion?

A) a thought,idea,impulse,or image that seems to invade a person’s consciousness
B) a strong fear that influences anxiety
C) a repetitive and rigid behavior or mental act that people feel they must perform
D) a thought that a person cannot get out of his or her head

Answer 135

C) a repetitive and rigid behavior or mental act that people feel they must perform

Question 136

According to sociocultural theorists,generalized anxiety disorder is LEAST likely to develop in people who:

A) live near a rundown nuclear power plant.
B) see constant violence in their neighborhood.
C) have a lot of free time to think about their problems.
D) struggle to pay their bills.

Answer 136

C) have a lot of free time to think about their problems.

Question 137

When he was 5 years old,Sunil was almost struck by lightning while walking through a forest during a rainstorm.Today,he is extremely afraid of trees.A behaviorist would say that he has acquired this fear by:

A) operant conditioning.
B) modeling and imitation.
C) classical conditioning.
D) stimulus generalization.

Answer 137

C) classical conditioning.

Question 138

People with _____ keep picking at their skin,resulting in significant sores or wounds.

A) body dysmorphic disorder
B) excoriation disorder
C) trichotillomania
D) hoarding disorder

Answer 138

B) excoriation disorder

Question 139

People with an anxiety disorder are MOST likely to experience:

A) a second anxiety disorder.
B) periods of mania.
C) another type of psychiatric disorder.
D) hallucinations.

Answer 139

A) a second anxiety disorder.

Question 140

Antidepressants that are effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder serve to:

A) increase serotonin activity in the brain.
B) increase norepinephrine activity in the brain.
C) increase the level of all brain neurotransmitters.
D) decrease serotonin activity in the brain.

Answer 140

A) increase serotonin activity in the brain.

Question 141

The scientific name for hair-pulling disorder is:

A) trichotillomania.
B) musomania.
C) traumatomania.
D) gephyromania.

Answer 141

A) trichotillomania.

Question 142

Which of the following is the phobia MOST often associated with panic disorder?

A) claustrophobia
B) acrophobia
C) agoraphobia
D) metrophobia

Answer 142

C) agoraphobia

Question 143

The theoretical position that explains the origin of anxiety disorders as the overrun of defense mechanisms by neurotic or moral anxiety is the _____ approach.

A) cognitive-behavioral
B) humanistic
C) sociocultural
D) psychodynamic

Answer 143

D) psychodynamic

Question 144

Samuel cannot leave for work without going back into his house and making sure that he has taken all of his writing materials.He does this several times before he allows himself to start the car and drive to work.He is frequently late for work because he is so unsure about remembering everything.Samuel is displaying:

A) agoraphobia.
B) an obsession.
C) a checking compulsion.
D) nonpathological caution.

Answer 144

C) a checking compulsion.

Question 145

Avery,a 28-year-old woman,tells her therapist that she has an intense fear of snakes.She says she has been afraid of snakes since she was a child.Which additional criterion would suggest that Avery meets the diagnostic criteria for a specific phobia?

A) feelings of anxiousness when looking at images of snakes
B) occasional dreams that involve snakes
C) refusal to go to certain places where she believes snakes could be present,such as the lake
D) feelings that the world would be better off without snakes

Answer 145

C) refusal to go to certain places where she believes snakes could be present,such as the lake

Question 146

Which therapy is an effective long-term,nonpharmacologic treatment for panic attack that involves teaching patients to interpret their physical sensations accurately?

A) cognitive-behavioral therapy
B) biological therapy
C) humanistic therapy
D) psychodynamic therapy

Answer 146

A) cognitive-behavioral therapy

Question 147

Which perspective focuses on the intersection and context of important factors at key points of time throughout a person’s lifespan?

A) the developmental psychopathology perspective
B) the cognitive perspective
C) the psychodynamic perspective
D) the evolutionary perspective

Answer 147

A) the developmental psychopathology perspective

Question 148

Which descriptor would be LEAST appropriate for someone experiencing obsessive-compulsive disorder,according to the cognitive perspective?

A) Let the good times roll.Don’t worry about tomorrow.
B) I’m a bit of a control freak.
C) It seems that I am always more down than my friends.
D) I’m having a bit of trouble separating my thoughts from reality.I’m afraid if I think it,it will actually happen.

Answer 148

A) Let the good times roll.Don’t worry about tomorrow.

Question 149

An obsessive-compulsive person who was told that everyone was required to wear shoes at all times in the house and that they were not to vacuum for a week would be receiving which type of therapy?

A) family therapy
B) exposure and response prevention
C) reinforcement for compulsive behavior
D) free association

Answer 149

B) exposure and response prevention

Question 150

What is anxiety sensitivity?

A) the state of being oblivious to body sensations
B) the inability to assess bodily sensations accurately
C) the interpretation of bodily sensations as abnormally pleasant
D) the confusion of physical and emotional sensations

Answer 150

B) the inability to assess bodily sensations accurately

Question 151

Lorna is very fearful of speaking in public and will do everything she can to avoid being evaluated by others,which causes her significant impairment.The MOST accurate diagnosis for her condition would be:

A) agoraphobia.
B) specific phobia.
C) panic disorder.
D) social anxiety disorder.

Answer 151

D) social anxiety disorder.

Question 152

.

Answer 152

.

Question 153

Persistent and excessive feelings of anxiety and worry about numerous events and activities is known as:

a. panic disorder.
b. generalized anxiety disorder.
c. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
d. agoraphobia.

Answer 153

b. generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 154

An anxiety disorder is characterized by pervasive anxiety and fear, or by:

a. feelings of sadness and depression.
b. pronounced antisocial tendencies.
c. loss of contact with reality.
d. extreme attempts to avoid these feelings.
e. delusions and hallucinations.

Answer 154

d. extreme attempts to avoid these feelings.

Question 155

Irina struggles with GAD and often worries about different aspects of her life, her job, and her relationships. She knows that worrying about these issues probably make things worse for her, but she is also concerned that things will get really bad if she doesn’t worry about them. Irina’s behavior supports which theoretical explanation of this disorder?

a. metacognitive theory
b. intolerance of uncertainty theory
c. avoidance theory
d. Basic irrational assumptions

Answer 155

a. metacognitive theory

Question 156

Which perspective has a focus on changing maladaptive assumptions in treating generalized anxiety disorders?

a. the cognitive-behavioral perspective
b. the psychodynamic perspective
c. the humanistic perspective
d. the biological perspective

Answer 156

a. the cognitive-behavioral perspective

Question 157

Approximately one-third to one-half of the people diagnosed with panic disorder also develop:

a. acute stress disorder
b. claustrophobia
c. social phobia
d. generalised anxiety disorder
e. agoraphobia

Answer 157

e. agoraphobia

Question 158

Which of these is NOT a type of exposure therapy?

a. systematic desensitisation
b. flooding
c. social skills training
d. modelling

Answer 158

c. social skills training

Question 159

Common social phobias include all but which one of these problems?

A. fear of talking with otter’s
B. fear of writing while someone watched
C. fear of leaving the house
D. fear of eat or drinking in public

Answer 159

C. fear of leaving the house

Question 160

Most anxiety disorders are more common in women than in men. Which anxiety disorder does not show a difference in prevalence between men and women?

a. panic disorder
b. social anxiety disorder
c. agoraphobia
d. obsessive-compulsive disorder
e. specific phobia

Answer 160

d. obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 161

Mariah has a germ obsession. Her therapist rubs Mariah’s hands in dirt and tells her that she cannot wash her hands until after the session. Which behavioral technique is her therapist using?

a. modelling
b. response shaping
c. flooding
d. systematic desensitisation

Answer 161

c. flooding

Question 162

________ is a disorder in which people pull out hair from their body (e.g., scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes).

a. excoriation disorder
b. body dysmorphic disorder
c. trichotillomania
d. none of these

Answer 162

c. trichotillomania

Question 163

The biological perspective suggests that panic attacks may be caused by a type of ________ that is hyperactive in people with panic disorder.

a. panic circuit
b. anxiety sensitivity
c. biological challenge
d. neutralising

Answer 163

a. panic circuit