CHAPTER 6: Depressive and Bipolar Disorders Flashcards
Compared with African Americans,non-Hispanic white Americans are:
A) substantially less likely to be diagnosed with depression and about as likely to have recurrent episodes.
B) substantially less likely to be diagnosed with depression and less likely to have recurrent episodes.
C) about as likely to be diagnosed with depression and about as likely to have recurrent episodes.
D) about as likely to be diagnosed with depression but less likely to have recurrent episodes.
D) about as likely to be diagnosed with depression but less likely to have recurrent episodes.
Which statement is TRUE for women experiencing peripartum depression in relation to psychotherapy for depression?
A) Most women stop having depressive symptoms within 4 weeks after the birth of their child.
B) A psychodynamic approach works particularly well.
C) Many women with peripartum depression find self-help support groups particularly helpful.
D) Such women should avoid antidepressant medications,because these medications work well for unipolar depression but not for peripartum depression.
C) Many women with peripartum depression find self-help support groups particularly helpful.
Which of the following accurately describes a problem with animal studies of depression?
A) Animals have different brain structures compared to humans.
B) One cannot be sure that depression-like symptoms in laboratory animals reflect human depression.
C) It is much harder to control the environmental and genetic factors in animal studies than it is for human studies.
D) Animals cannot complete self-report instruments that are used to measure the symptoms of depression.
B) One cannot be sure that depression-like symptoms in laboratory animals reflect human depression.
A woman experiences recurrent thoughts of suicide,great sadness,and sleep disturbances.These symptoms began a week after she gave birth and have lasted more than 6 months.This woman is experiencing:
A) the “baby blues.”
B) postpartum psychosis.
C) hormone withdrawal syndrome.
D) peripartum depression.
D) peripartum depression.
Compared with people in untroubled marriages,people in troubled marriages are _____ to have a depressive disorder.
A) equally likely
B) somewhat more likely
C) substantially more likely
D) guaranteed
C) substantially more likely
Artifact theory differs importantly from other sociocultural theories of depression because it suggests:
A) women and men are equally likely to develop depression.
B) hormone changes mask the development of depression in women.
C) concern about body weight can be both a cause and a result of depression.
D) depression is caused by examining one’s feelings too closely.
A) women and men are equally likely to develop depression.
Rosita swings between periods of bottomless depression and high-flying enthusiasm.She never hits the middle.Her physician is MOST likely to recommend treatment with:
A) ECT.
B) a mood-stabilizing drug.
C) imipramine.
D) tranquilizers.
B) a mood-stabilizing drug.
The second phase of Beck’s cognitive therapy is to get the client to:
A) increase activity and elevate mood.
B) identify negative thinking and biases.
C) challenge automatic thoughts.
D) change primary attitudes.
C) challenge automatic thoughts.
According to DSM-5,all of the following are considered symptoms of a manic episode EXCEPT:
A) distractibility.
B) inflated self-esteem.
C) decreased need for sleep.
D) suicidal ideation.
D) suicidal ideation.
Adjunctive therapy to treat bipolar disorder commonly focuses on:
A) convincing clients to keep taking lithium even though they dislike the euphoria it causes.
B) helping clients see that the medication is helping with the depression,even though they may still feel “low” sometimes.
C) emphasizing the importance of taking the medication,even though the patients miss the creative and productive bursts they used to have.
D) preventing patients from abusing (overusing)the lithium to elevate their mood and increase energy.
C) emphasizing the importance of taking the medication,even though the patients miss the creative and productive bursts they used to have.
According to Martin Seligman’s theory,which person would be MOST likely to develop learned helplessness?
A) someone who experienced controllable negative events and then an uncontrollable negative event
B) someone who experienced uncontrollable negative events and then a controllable negative event
C) someone who experienced controllable negative events and then another controllable negative event
D) someone who experienced a random sequence of controllable and uncontrollable events
B) someone who experienced uncontrollable negative events and then a controllable negative event
If we ultimately find that people with unipolar depression have certain biochemical characteristics that predispose them to certain cognitive characteristics that are exacerbated by certain life stressors,then we will have evidence that:
A) a single factor causes depression.
B) different factors cause depression in different people.
C) an interaction between factors causes depression.
D) different factors are related to the cause,course,and treatment of depression.
C) an interaction between factors causes depression.
Which of these are neurotransmitters associated with unipolar depression?
A) dopamine and acetylcholine
B) dopamine and glutamine
C) serotonin and GABA
D) serotonin and norepinephrine
D) serotonin and norepinephrine
A benefit of adjunctive psychotherapy for bipolar disorder is that:
A) therapy can be shortened.
B) adverse effects from drug therapy are reduced.
C) lithium dosages can be decreased.
D) hospitalizations are reduced.
D) hospitalizations are reduced.
Biochemical explanations for bipolar disorder focus on all of the following EXCEPT:
A) neurotransmitter activity.
B) ion activity.
C) hormonal functioning.
D) genetic factors.
C) hormonal functioning.
The person associated with the learned helplessness theory of depression is:
A) Aaron Beck.
B) Sigmund Freud.
C) Martin Seligman.
D) Peter Lewinsohn.
B) Sigmund Freud.
One of the nutraceuticals shown to be frequently helpful in treating unipolar depression is:
A) folate
B) vitamin E.
C) melatonin.
D) St.John’s wort.
D) St.John’s wort.
If neurotransmitters are linked to depression,which of these would be LEAST likely to be observed in a study?
A) lower levels of certain neurotransmitters in people who are depressed compared with those who are not depressed
B) an increase in depressive symptoms after a person take a drug that blocks the effects of certain neurotransmitters
C) a decrease in depressive symptoms once certain neurotransmitter levels in people with depression have been restored
D) a near-zero correlation between certain neurotransmitter levels and the number or severity of depressive symptoms a person reports
D) a near-zero correlation between certain neurotransmitter levels and the number or severity of depressive symptoms a person reports
Which is NOT a reason why people with depression take nutraceuticals?
A) Intolerable side effects have developed with conventional treatments.
B) They cannot afford conventional treatments.
C) They prefer modern medications.
D) They prefer more natural treatments.
C) They prefer modern medications.
A person suspected of having unipolar depression has a smaller-than-normal hippocampus,although it produces a normal number of new neurons.This is:
A) normal.
B) unusual; individuals with unipolar depression usually have a smaller-than-normal hippocampus,causing it to produce a low number of new neurons.
C) unusual; individuals with unipolar depression usually have a normal-sized hippocampus,causing it to produce a low number of new neurons.
D) very unusual; individuals with unipolar depression usually have a normal-sized hippocampus,causing it to produce a normal number of new neurons.
B) unusual; individuals with unipolar depression usually have a smaller-than-normal hippocampus,causing it to produce a low number of new neurons.
Considering that numerous chromosomes have genetic markers that are associated with unipolar depression,which inference may we draw about the link between genetic factors and depression?
A) The genetic basis for depression is stronger than other factors that are linked to depression.
B) Genetic screening should be used to identify those individuals who are at risk for developing depression.
C) Genetic factors alone are insufficient to explain why some people become depressed during their lifetime.
D) People with genetic markers for depression are destined to develop depression at some point in their lifetime.
C) Genetic factors alone are insufficient to explain why some people become depressed during their lifetime.
What is the average age of onset of unipolar depression?
A) 8
B) 19
C) 28
D) 45
B) 19
Since immediately after the birth of her son,Aubree has experienced a period of sadness that interferes with her ability to take care of him.She has never felt this way before,and this sadness has now been going on for several weeks.With which type of major depression would Aubree MOST likely be diagnosed?
A) seasonal
B) catatonic
C) peripartum
D) melancholic
C) peripartum
If bipolar disorder is genetically linked,then which of the following research findings,if obtained,would be the least likely?
A) Genetic markers on chromosomes are exclusively linked to bipolar disorder.
B) Children of biological parents with bipolar disorder are more likely to have the disorder than children of adoptive parents who have the disorder.
C) A person who has an identical twin with bipolar disorder has a greater risk of developing the disorder compared to a person who has a fraternal twin with the disorder.
D) The rate of bipolar disorder has increased steadily over the past decade.
D) The rate of bipolar disorder has increased steadily over the past decade.