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Abnormal Psychology > CHAPTER 4: Anxiety Disorders, OCD and Related Disorders > Flashcards

CHAPTER 4: Anxiety Disorders, OCD and Related Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Central nervous system’s physiological and emotional response to a serious threat to one’s well-being:

A) Fear
B) Anxiety
C) Generalised Anxiety Disorder

A

A) Fear

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2
Q

What is the Central nervous system’s physiological and emotional response to a vague sense of threat or danger?

A) Fear
B) Anxiety
C) Generalised Anxiety Disorder

A

B) Anxiety

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3
Q

What is the Disorder marked by persistent and excessive feelings of anxiety and worry about numerous?

A) Fear
B) Anxiety
C) Generalised Anxiety Disorder

A

C) Generalised Anxiety Disorder

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4
Q

What is fear?

A

Central nervous system’s physiological and emotional response to a serious threat to one’s well-being

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5
Q

What is anxiety?

A

Central nervous system’s physiological and emotional response to a vague sense of threat or danger

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6
Q

What is generalised anxiety disorder?

A

Disorder marked by persistent and excessive feelings of anxiety and worry about numerous

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7
Q

How many percent of the U.S adult population experiences one of the six DSM-5 anxiety disorders?

A) 20
B) 18
C) 33
D) 57

A

B) 18

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8
Q

What is the Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) checklist?

A
  • For 6 months or more, the person experiences disproportionate, uncontrollable, and ongoing anxiety and worry about multiple matters
  • The symptoms include at least three of the following: edginess, fatigue, poor concentration, irritability, muscle tension, sleep problems
  • Significant distress or impairment
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9
Q

What does the sociocultural perspective state about who is most likely to develop GAD?

A

GAD is most likely to develop in people faced with dangerous ongoing social conditions

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10
Q

What are examples of forms of societal stress?

A

Poverty

Race and ethnicity

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11
Q

What is the most common anxiety disorder among young children?

A

Separation anxiety

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12
Q

What does Freud state about anxiety in children?

A

He stated that all children experience anxiety

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13
Q

What are the three anxieties that children experience according to Freud?

A
  • Realistic Anxiety
  • Neurotic Anxiety
  • Moral anxiety
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14
Q

What are the two main examples of psychodynamic therapies?

A
  • Free Association

- Therapist interpretations of transference, resistance, and dreams

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15
Q

What are the 3 specific treatments for GAD?

A
  • Freudians focus less on fear and more on control of id
  • Object-relations therapists attempt to help patients identify and settle early relationship problems
  • Short-term psychodynamic therapy is more effective
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16
Q

What does the humanistic perspective state about GAD?

A

GAD arises when people stop looking at themselves honestly

and acceptingly

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17
Q

What is Carl Rogers’ explanation for GAD? (Humanistic Tradition)

A
  • Lack of unconditional positive regard in childhood leads to conditions of worth (i.e., harsh self-standards)
  • Threatening self-judgments break through and cause anxiety, setting the stage for GAD to develop
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18
Q

What does the humanistic perspective state about client-centered approach and GAD?

A

Client-centered approach used to show unconditional positive

regard for clients and to empathize with them

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19
Q

What does the cognitive-behavioural perspective state about psychological disorders?

A

• Problematic behaviors and dysfunctional thinking often cause psychological disorders

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20
Q

What are the newer explanations in the cognitive-behavioural perspective of GAD?

A
  • Meta cognitive theory (Wells) and meta-worries
  • Intolerance of uncertainty theory (Koerner and colleagues)
  • Avoidance theory (Borkovec)
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21
Q

What is the Meta cognitive theory (Wells) and meta-worries?

A

.

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22
Q

What is the Intolerance of uncertainty theory (Koerner and colleagues)?

A

.

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23
Q

What is the Avoidance theory (Borkovec)?

A

.

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24
Q

What are the three cognitive-behavioural therapies?

A
  • Ellis’s rational-emotive therapy (RET)
  • Mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy
  • Acceptance and commitment therapy
25
Q

What does the biological perspective state about GAD?

A

GAD is caused chiefly by biological factors

26
Q

What does the biological perspective state about fear reactions?

A

Fear reactions are tied to brain circuits

27
Q

What does the biological perspective state about what GAD results from?

A

GAD results from a hyperactive fear circuit

28
Q

What does the biological perspective state about what brain structures are involved in GAD?

A
  • Prefrontalcortex
  • Anterior cingulate cortex
  • Insula
  • Amygdala
29
Q

How do phobias differ from fear?

A
  • More intense and persistent fear
  • Greater desire to avoid the feared object or situation
  • Create distress that interferes with functioning
30
Q

What is rational-emotive therapy (RET)?

31
Q

What is Mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy?

32
Q

What is Acceptance and commitment therapy

33
Q

What is realistic anxiety?

A

when they face actual danger

34
Q

What is Neurotic Anxiety?

A

when they are prevented from expressing id impulses

35
Q

What is Moral anxiety?

A

when they are punished for expressing id impulses

36
Q

What are there two categories of phobias?

A
  • Specific phobias

- Agoraphobia

37
Q

What is the ratio of women to men who experience symptoms of specific phobias in their lifetime?

A) 1:1
B) 2:1
C) 1:2
D) 3:1

38
Q

How much percent of people experience specific phobia symptoms in their lifetime?

A) 10
B) 14
C) 27
D) 35

39
Q

What is specific phobias?

A

An intense, irrational fear of something that poses little or no actual danger. usually lasting at least 6 months

40
Q

What is agoraphobia?

A

extreme or irrational fear of entering open or crowded places, of leaving one’s own home, or of being in places from which escape is difficult.

41
Q

How much percent of people experience agoraphobia symptoms in their lifetime?

A) 2.6
B) 5.7
C) 11.9
D) 13

42
Q

What causes specific phobias?

A

Evidence supports the behavioural explanations being….

  • Cognitive- behavioral theory
  • Behavioral- evolutionary explanation
43
Q

What is the Cognitive- behavioral theory?

A

The way individuals perceive a situation is more closely connected to their reaction than the situation itself.

44
Q

What is the Behavioral- evolutionary explanation?

A

Assumes that human behaviour is being shaped, indeed determined, by processes of natural selection

45
Q

How are fears learned according to the Cognitive- behavioral theory?

A
  • Classical conditioning

* Modeling

46
Q

What does research indicate about fear in the Cognitive- behavioral theory?

A
  • Early laboratory studies of classical conditioning of fear: Watson and Rayner (Little Albert)
  • Modeling: Bandura and Rosenthal
47
Q

What is the Early laboratory studies of classical conditioning of fear: Watson and Rayner (Little Albert)?

48
Q

What is the Modeling: Bandura and Rosenthal experiment?

49
Q

Who stated that Fear reactions not always conditioned?

A

McGabe and Gamble and colleagues

50
Q

Why did McGabe and Gamble and colleagues state that Fear reactions not always conditioned?

51
Q

What are the Treatments for specific phobias that the behavioural-evolutionary perspective mentions?

A

Actual contact with the feared object or situation is key to greater success in all forms of exposure treatment

  • Flooding
  • Modeling
  • Systematic desensitisation (Wolpe)
52
Q

What is Flooding?

53
Q

What is Modeling?

54
Q

What is Systematic desensitisation (Wolpe)?

55
Q

What are treatments for agoraphobia?

A

Variety of exposure therapy approaches

  • Support groups
  • Home-based self-help programs
56
Q

What is social anxiety disorder?

57
Q

How much percent of people experience symptoms during lifetime?

A) 5
B) 7
C) 13
D) 17

58
Q

_______ are more likely to experience social anxiety disorder than _______ or ______

A) African Americans; non-hispanic white Americans; asian Americans

B) non-hispanic white Americans; African Americans; hispanic

A

B) non-hispanic white Americans; African Americans; hispanic

59
Q

When does social anxiety disorder often begin?

A

Often begins in late childhood or adolescence and into adulthood

Abnormal Psychology (14 decks)

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