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anatomy and physiology > chapter 7 review > Flashcards

chapter 7 review Flashcards

1
Q

components of skeletal system

A

bones of skelaton, cartilage, ligaments, other ct

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2
Q

cartaliage made of

A

condrocytes

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3
Q

ligaments are

A

connection from bone to bone

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4
Q

bones are considered the organs of

A

the skeletal system

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5
Q

bones provide

A

framework for the body

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6
Q

2 types of bone

A

compact bones, spongy bone

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7
Q

compact bone made of

A

ostions

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8
Q

compact bone is

A

dense and hard

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9
Q

cortical bone is

A

compact bone

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10
Q

what type of bone makes up most of our bone mass

A

compact bone

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11
Q

what type of bone is the outer portion of our bones

A

compaxt

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12
Q

what type of bones make up our inner portions of bone

A

spongy

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13
Q

spongy bone is also known as

A

cacellous or trabeculor bone

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14
Q

why does spongy bone appear porous

A

it has a lot of holes

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15
Q

what type of bone is light weight

A

spongy

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16
Q

spongy bone holes are filled with

A

blood and bone marrow

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17
Q

spongy bones makes up how much of our bone mass

A

20%

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18
Q

cartilage is a

A

semirigid connective tissue

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19
Q

what types of cartilage are there

A

hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage

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20
Q

hyaline cartilage attaches

A

ribs to sternum

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21
Q

hyaline cartilage is primarily

A

structural(doesnt move)

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22
Q

what do we grow bone from

A

hyaline cartilage

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23
Q

what is a model for growth formation

A

hyaline cartilage

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24
Q

what makes growth plate

A

hyaline cartilage

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25
Q

fibrocartilage is found

A

in areas of high impact

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26
Q

fibrocartilage is found in between

A

vertebrae, pubic bone, kneww joints

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27
Q

weightbearing cartilage is

A

fibrocartilage

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28
Q

ligaments connect

A

bone to bone

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29
Q

tendons connect

A

muscles to bones

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30
Q

bones perform several functions

A

support, levers for movement, hematopoises, storage of energy and mineral reserves

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31
Q

hematopoises

A

ability to make blood cells.

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32
Q

where does hematopoises done

A

red bone marrow CT

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33
Q

what are the types of blood cells

A

red, white, and platelets

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34
Q

bones store what type of minerals

A

calcium and phosphate

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35
Q

the calcium that is stored in bone gives bone its

A

strength

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36
Q

how does our body decrease boen density

A

remove minerals like calciuma nd phosphate from bone area.

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37
Q

how many bone classifications are there

A

4

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38
Q

whare are the 4 bone classifications

A

flate bones, short bones, long bones, irregula rbones

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39
Q

most of our limbs are made up of

A

long bones

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40
Q

long bones are greater in ______

A

length

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41
Q

what are 2 types of long bones

A

humerus and femur

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42
Q

short bones ____ is nearly equal to the ____

A

length;width

43
Q

examples of short bones are

A

carpals and tarsals

44
Q

flat bones are

A

flat and thin and sometimes a little curved

45
Q

what are examples of flt bones

A

cranial bones, sternum

46
Q

irregular bones are more_______ in shape

A

complex. they are more elaborate.

47
Q

example of irregular bone

A

vertebrae

48
Q

regions of long bones

A

diaphysis, medullary(cavity), epiphysis

49
Q

epiphysis

A

expanded ends at ends of long bones

50
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of bone, narrow in middle

51
Q

inside of bone shaft (diaphysis) it is hallow and called

A

medullary cavity

52
Q

medullary cavity is

A

hallow cylinder space in diaphysis

53
Q

medullary cavity contains bone marrow in

A

children

54
Q

medullary cavity contains ______ bone marrow in adults

A

yellow

55
Q

diaphysis provides ____ and ____ support

A

leverage and weight

56
Q

what are compacted bones with thin spicules of spongy bone extending inward

A

diaphysis part of long bone

57
Q

epiphysis is covered in white substance this is

A

articular cartilage.

58
Q

2 types of epiphysis

A

distal and proximal epiphysis

59
Q

proximal means

A

towards center body

60
Q

distal means

A

farther from body

61
Q

articular cartilage has a thin layer of ______

A

yaline cartilage

62
Q

articular cartilage covers _____

A

joint surface

63
Q

articular cartilage reduces

A

joint friction

64
Q

articular cartilage also absorbs

A

shock in moveable joints

65
Q

in between diaphythis and epithysis there is a small space called

A

metaphysis

66
Q

metaphysis

A

region where bone widens and transfers weight between the diaphysis and epiphysis

67
Q

epiphyseal plate located in

A

metaphysis

68
Q

epiphyseal plate is a

A

growth plate

69
Q

epiphyseal plate has a thin layer of

A

hyaline cartilage

70
Q

epiphyseal plate provides ______ growth

A

lengthwise

71
Q

in adults _________ is the remnant of the epiphyseal plate

A

epiphyseal line

72
Q

what covers outer surface of bone

A

periosteum

73
Q

periosteum is made of

A

dense irregular CT

74
Q

what are the 2 layers of periosteum

A

fibrous layer(outside), and celular layer

75
Q

outer dense fibrous layer does what

A

protects bone, anchors blood vessels and nerves to bone surface, attachment site for ligaments and tendons

76
Q

inner layer of periosteum includes

A

osteroprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasis

77
Q

periosteum is attached to bone by numerous collages fibers called

A

perforating fibers

78
Q

endosteum

A

covers all internal surfaces of bone within medullary cavity

79
Q

endosteum also contains

A

osteoblasts, osteprogentor cells, and osteoclasts

80
Q

Bone marrow exists in

A

medullary cavity and in spongy bone

81
Q

red bone marrow

A

creates blood cells

82
Q

2 types of bone amrrow

A

yelow, and red

83
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

adipose tissue, doesnt make as much blood cells

84
Q

yellow bone marrow is a product of

A

red bone marrow

85
Q

yellows bone marrow is a _______ substance

A

fatty

86
Q

how can yellow bone marrow turn back to red bone marrow

A

during severe anemia

87
Q

primary component of bone is

A

bone connective tissue

88
Q

whats bone connective tissue called

A

osseous cinnective tissue

89
Q

bone is composed of

A

cells and extracellular matrix.

90
Q

4 types of connective tissue found in bones

A

osteoclasts
osteoblasts
osteoprogenitor cells
osteocytes

91
Q

oste-blasts. blasts means cells that

A

build

92
Q

osteo-clasts

A

clasts means cell that breaks things down

93
Q

osteocytes are

A

mature bone cells

94
Q

osteoclasts do what

A

break down bone cells

95
Q

osteoblasts do what

A

build bone cells

96
Q

osteoprogenitor are

A

stem cells that have differentiated (matured)

97
Q

osteoclasts are large multinuclear

A

phaocytic cells

98
Q

lacuna is a

A

pocket inside a bone which prevents cell from crushing. like a cave.

99
Q

we need lacuna to protect bone cells because

A

we have calcification, which extracellular matrix of bone very hard

100
Q

osteoclasts are derived from

A

fused bone marrow cells

101
Q

osteoclasts are located in

A

pits/depressions on bone

102
Q

resorption lacuna

A

involved in bone resorption.

103
Q

bone resorption is

A

breakdown of bone

anatomy and physiology (17 decks)

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