chapter 7 review Flashcards
components of skeletal system
bones of skelaton, cartilage, ligaments, other ct
cartaliage made of
condrocytes
ligaments are
connection from bone to bone
bones are considered the organs of
the skeletal system
bones provide
framework for the body
2 types of bone
compact bones, spongy bone
compact bone made of
ostions
compact bone is
dense and hard
cortical bone is
compact bone
what type of bone makes up most of our bone mass
compact bone
what type of bone is the outer portion of our bones
compaxt
what type of bones make up our inner portions of bone
spongy
spongy bone is also known as
cacellous or trabeculor bone
why does spongy bone appear porous
it has a lot of holes
what type of bone is light weight
spongy
spongy bone holes are filled with
blood and bone marrow
spongy bones makes up how much of our bone mass
20%
cartilage is a
semirigid connective tissue
what types of cartilage are there
hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage
hyaline cartilage attaches
ribs to sternum
hyaline cartilage is primarily
structural(doesnt move)
what do we grow bone from
hyaline cartilage
what is a model for growth formation
hyaline cartilage
what makes growth plate
hyaline cartilage
fibrocartilage is found
in areas of high impact
fibrocartilage is found in between
vertebrae, pubic bone, kneww joints
weightbearing cartilage is
fibrocartilage
ligaments connect
bone to bone
tendons connect
muscles to bones
bones perform several functions
support, levers for movement, hematopoises, storage of energy and mineral reserves
hematopoises
ability to make blood cells.
where does hematopoises done
red bone marrow CT
what are the types of blood cells
red, white, and platelets
bones store what type of minerals
calcium and phosphate
the calcium that is stored in bone gives bone its
strength
how does our body decrease boen density
remove minerals like calciuma nd phosphate from bone area.
how many bone classifications are there
4
whare are the 4 bone classifications
flate bones, short bones, long bones, irregula rbones
most of our limbs are made up of
long bones
long bones are greater in ______
length
what are 2 types of long bones
humerus and femur
short bones ____ is nearly equal to the ____
length;width
examples of short bones are
carpals and tarsals
flat bones are
flat and thin and sometimes a little curved
what are examples of flt bones
cranial bones, sternum
irregular bones are more_______ in shape
complex. they are more elaborate.
example of irregular bone
vertebrae
regions of long bones
diaphysis, medullary(cavity), epiphysis
epiphysis
expanded ends at ends of long bones
diaphysis
shaft of bone, narrow in middle
inside of bone shaft (diaphysis) it is hallow and called
medullary cavity
medullary cavity is
hallow cylinder space in diaphysis
medullary cavity contains bone marrow in
children
medullary cavity contains ______ bone marrow in adults
yellow
diaphysis provides ____ and ____ support
leverage and weight
what are compacted bones with thin spicules of spongy bone extending inward
diaphysis part of long bone
epiphysis is covered in white substance this is
articular cartilage.
2 types of epiphysis
distal and proximal epiphysis
proximal means
towards center body
distal means
farther from body
articular cartilage has a thin layer of ______
yaline cartilage
articular cartilage covers _____
joint surface
articular cartilage reduces
joint friction
articular cartilage also absorbs
shock in moveable joints
in between diaphythis and epithysis there is a small space called
metaphysis
metaphysis
region where bone widens and transfers weight between the diaphysis and epiphysis
epiphyseal plate located in
metaphysis
epiphyseal plate is a
growth plate
epiphyseal plate has a thin layer of
hyaline cartilage
epiphyseal plate provides ______ growth
lengthwise
in adults _________ is the remnant of the epiphyseal plate
epiphyseal line
what covers outer surface of bone
periosteum
periosteum is made of
dense irregular CT
what are the 2 layers of periosteum
fibrous layer(outside), and celular layer
outer dense fibrous layer does what
protects bone, anchors blood vessels and nerves to bone surface, attachment site for ligaments and tendons
inner layer of periosteum includes
osteroprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasis
periosteum is attached to bone by numerous collages fibers called
perforating fibers
endosteum
covers all internal surfaces of bone within medullary cavity
endosteum also contains
osteoblasts, osteprogentor cells, and osteoclasts
Bone marrow exists in
medullary cavity and in spongy bone
red bone marrow
creates blood cells
2 types of bone amrrow
yelow, and red
yellow bone marrow
adipose tissue, doesnt make as much blood cells
yellow bone marrow is a product of
red bone marrow
yellows bone marrow is a _______ substance
fatty
how can yellow bone marrow turn back to red bone marrow
during severe anemia
primary component of bone is
bone connective tissue
whats bone connective tissue called
osseous cinnective tissue
bone is composed of
cells and extracellular matrix.
4 types of connective tissue found in bones
osteoclasts
osteoblasts
osteoprogenitor cells
osteocytes
oste-blasts. blasts means cells that
build
osteo-clasts
clasts means cell that breaks things down
osteocytes are
mature bone cells
osteoclasts do what
break down bone cells
osteoblasts do what
build bone cells
osteoprogenitor are
stem cells that have differentiated (matured)
osteoclasts are large multinuclear
phaocytic cells
lacuna is a
pocket inside a bone which prevents cell from crushing. like a cave.
we need lacuna to protect bone cells because
we have calcification, which extracellular matrix of bone very hard
osteoclasts are derived from
fused bone marrow cells
osteoclasts are located in
pits/depressions on bone
resorption lacuna
involved in bone resorption.
bone resorption is
breakdown of bone
