chapter 7 review Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
components of skeletal system
A
bones of skelaton, cartilage, ligaments, other ct
2
Q
cartaliage made of
A
condrocytes
3
Q
ligaments are
A
connection from bone to bone
4
Q
bones are considered the organs of
A
the skeletal system
5
Q
bones provide
A
framework for the body
6
Q
2 types of bone
A
compact bones, spongy bone
7
Q
compact bone made of
A
ostions
8
Q
compact bone is
A
dense and hard
9
Q
cortical bone is
A
compact bone
10
Q
what type of bone makes up most of our bone mass
A
compact bone
11
Q
what type of bone is the outer portion of our bones
A
compaxt
12
Q
what type of bones make up our inner portions of bone
A
spongy
13
Q
spongy bone is also known as
A
cacellous or trabeculor bone
14
Q
why does spongy bone appear porous
A
it has a lot of holes
15
Q
what type of bone is light weight
A
spongy
16
Q
spongy bone holes are filled with
A
blood and bone marrow
17
Q
spongy bones makes up how much of our bone mass
A
20%
18
Q
cartilage is a
A
semirigid connective tissue
19
Q
what types of cartilage are there
A
hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage
20
Q
hyaline cartilage attaches
A
ribs to sternum
21
Q
hyaline cartilage is primarily
A
structural(doesnt move)
22
Q
what do we grow bone from
A
hyaline cartilage
23
Q
what is a model for growth formation
A
hyaline cartilage
24
Q
what makes growth plate
A
hyaline cartilage
25
fibrocartilage is found
in areas of high impact
26
fibrocartilage is found in between
vertebrae, pubic bone, kneww joints
27
weightbearing cartilage is
fibrocartilage
28
ligaments connect
bone to bone
29
tendons connect
muscles to bones
30
bones perform several functions
support, levers for movement, hematopoises, storage of energy and mineral reserves
31
hematopoises
ability to make blood cells.
32
where does hematopoises done
red bone marrow CT
33
what are the types of blood cells
red, white, and platelets
34
bones store what type of minerals
calcium and phosphate
35
the calcium that is stored in bone gives bone its
strength
36
how does our body decrease boen density
remove minerals like calciuma nd phosphate from bone area.
37
how many bone classifications are there
4
38
whare are the 4 bone classifications
flate bones, short bones, long bones, irregula rbones
39
most of our limbs are made up of
long bones
40
long bones are greater in ______
length
41
what are 2 types of long bones
humerus and femur
42
short bones ____ is nearly equal to the ____
length;width
43
examples of short bones are
carpals and tarsals
44
flat bones are
flat and thin and sometimes a little curved
45
what are examples of flt bones
cranial bones, sternum
46
irregular bones are more_______ in shape
complex. they are more elaborate.
47
example of irregular bone
vertebrae
48
regions of long bones
diaphysis, medullary(cavity), epiphysis
49
epiphysis
expanded ends at ends of long bones
50
diaphysis
shaft of bone, narrow in middle
51
inside of bone shaft (diaphysis) it is hallow and called
medullary cavity
52
medullary cavity is
hallow cylinder space in diaphysis
53
medullary cavity contains bone marrow in
children
54
medullary cavity contains ______ bone marrow in adults
yellow
55
diaphysis provides ____ and ____ support
leverage and weight
56
what are compacted bones with thin spicules of spongy bone extending inward
diaphysis part of long bone
57
epiphysis is covered in white substance this is
articular cartilage.
58
2 types of epiphysis
distal and proximal epiphysis
59
proximal means
towards center body
60
distal means
farther from body
61
articular cartilage has a thin layer of ______
yaline cartilage
62
articular cartilage covers _____
joint surface
63
articular cartilage reduces
joint friction
64
articular cartilage also absorbs
shock in moveable joints
65
in between diaphythis and epithysis there is a small space called
metaphysis
66
metaphysis
region where bone widens and transfers weight between the diaphysis and epiphysis
67
epiphyseal plate located in
metaphysis
68
epiphyseal plate is a
growth plate
69
epiphyseal plate has a thin layer of
hyaline cartilage
70
epiphyseal plate provides ______ growth
lengthwise
71
in adults _________ is the remnant of the epiphyseal plate
epiphyseal line
72
what covers outer surface of bone
periosteum
73
periosteum is made of
dense irregular CT
74
what are the 2 layers of periosteum
fibrous layer(outside), and celular layer
75
outer dense fibrous layer does what
protects bone, anchors blood vessels and nerves to bone surface, attachment site for ligaments and tendons
76
inner layer of periosteum includes
osteroprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasis
77
periosteum is attached to bone by numerous collages fibers called
perforating fibers
78
endosteum
covers all internal surfaces of bone within medullary cavity
79
endosteum also contains
osteoblasts, osteprogentor cells, and osteoclasts
80
Bone marrow exists in
medullary cavity and in spongy bone
81
red bone marrow
creates blood cells
82
2 types of bone amrrow
yelow, and red
83
yellow bone marrow
adipose tissue, doesnt make as much blood cells
84
yellow bone marrow is a product of
red bone marrow
85
yellows bone marrow is a _______ substance
fatty
86
how can yellow bone marrow turn back to red bone marrow
during severe anemia
87
primary component of bone is
bone connective tissue
88
whats bone connective tissue called
osseous cinnective tissue
89
bone is composed of
cells and extracellular matrix.
90
4 types of connective tissue found in bones
osteoclasts
osteoblasts
osteoprogenitor cells
osteocytes
91
oste-blasts. blasts means cells that
build
92
osteo-clasts
clasts means cell that breaks things down
93
osteocytes are
mature bone cells
94
osteoclasts do what
break down bone cells
95
osteoblasts do what
build bone cells
96
osteoprogenitor are
stem cells that have differentiated (matured)
97
osteoclasts are large multinuclear
phaocytic cells
98
lacuna is a
pocket inside a bone which prevents cell from crushing. like a cave.
99
we need lacuna to protect bone cells because
we have calcification, which extracellular matrix of bone very hard
100
osteoclasts are derived from
fused bone marrow cells
101
osteoclasts are located in
pits/depressions on bone
102
resorption lacuna
involved in bone resorption.
103
bone resorption is
breakdown of bone
