chapter 11 Flashcards
Where do axial muscles have their origins and insertions?
Axial muscles have both origins and insertions on the axial skeleton
What are the functions of axial muscles?
Axial muscles support and move the head and vertebral column, aid in facial expression, breathing, chewing, swallowing, and support/protect abdominal and pelvic organs.
What is the role of appendicular muscles?
Appendicular muscles control movements of the upper and lower limbs and the pectoral and pelvic girdles.
How are appendicular muscles organized?
Appendicular muscles are organized into groups based on their locations.
What major muscles are located in the anterior region of the body?
Major muscles in the anterior region include the pectoralis major, deltoid, biceps brachii, rectus abdominis, sartorius, quadriceps femoris, and tibialis anterior
What is the function of the pectoralis major muscle?
The pectoralis major is responsible for the movement of the shoulder, particularly flexion, adduction, and internal rotation of the arm.
What does the deltoid muscle do?
The deltoid muscle is involved in the abduction, flexion, and extension of the arm at the shoulder joint.
What is the role of the biceps brachii?
The biceps brachii primarily functions to flex the elbow and supinate the forearm.
Where is the rectus abdominis located and what is its function?
the rectus abdominis is located in the abdomen and functions in flexing the vertebral column, aiding in posture and respiration.
What is the function of the sartorius muscle?
The sartorius is involved in hip flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation, and it also helps in knee flexion.
What is the primary function of the quadriceps femoris group?
The quadriceps femoris group is responsible for extending the knee and stabilizing the patella
What does the tibialis anterior do?
The tibialis anterior muscle dorsiflexes the foot and helps with inversion of the ankle.
What are the major muscles in the posterior region of the body?
Major muscles in the posterior view include the trapezius, latissimus dorsi, deltoid, gluteus maximus, hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus), and gastrocnemius.
What is the function of the trapezius muscle?
The trapezius muscle stabilizes and moves the scapula, contributing to shoulder elevation, depression, retraction, and rotation.
What does the latissimus dorsi do?
The latissimus dorsi is responsible for the extension, adduction, and internal rotation of the arm. It also helps with the movement of the shoulder joint.
What is the function of the gluteus maximus?
The gluteus maximus is responsible for hip extension, external rotation, and abduction of the thigh, as well as assisting with stabilizing the pelvis.
What is the role of the deltoid in the posterior view?
The posterior part of the deltoid muscle is involved in shoulder extension and external rotation.
What muscles are included in the hamstrings group?
The hamstrings group includes the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus muscles. They function in knee flexion and hip extension.
What is the function of the gastrocnemius muscle?
The gastrocnemius is responsible for plantarflexion of the foot and assists with knee flexion.
What is an agonist muscle?
An agonist, or prime mover, is the muscle that contracts to produce a specific movement, such as the biceps brachii during elbow flexion.
What is the role of an antagonist muscle?
he antagonist muscle opposes the action of the agonist, helping to control and smooth the movement. For example, the triceps brachii is the antagonist for elbow flexion.
What is a synergist muscle?
A synergist assists the agonist by contributing tension or stabilizing the point of origin, often acting as a fixator. An example is the biceps brachii and brachialis working together to flex the elbow joint.
How are muscles named according to their action?
Muscles are named based on their primary action, such as the flexor digitorum longus, which flexes the digits.
How does specific body region influence muscle naming?
Muscles are named for their location, such as the rectus femoris, which is near the femur.
How do muscle attachments contribute to muscle naming?
Muscles are named based on their attachments, such as the sternocleidomastoid, which originates on the sternum and clavicle and inserts on the mastoid process.
How does the orientation of muscle fibers affect muscle naming?
Muscles are named based on the orientation of their fascicles, such as the rectus abdominis, which has vertically oriented fibers.
How does muscle shape influence muscle naming?
Muscles are named based on their shape, such as the deltoid, which is shaped like a triangular delta symbol, or the abductor pollicis longus, which is a long muscle.
How is muscle size used in naming muscles?
Muscles are named according to their size, such as the gluteus maximus, which is the largest of the buttocks muscles.
