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anatomy and physiology > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

spinal cord is a link between

A

brain and rest of body

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2
Q

responses that do not involve the brain are called

A

spinal reflexes

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3
Q

spinal cord runs from brains medulla through

A

vertebral canal

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4
Q

inferior end of spinal cord rapers to form

A

conus medullaris

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5
Q

adult spinal cord is normally ____ inch diameter. and ______ length

A

3/4; 16-18 inches

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6
Q

the spinal cord is shorter then the

A

vertebral column

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7
Q

longitudinal depressions are

A

posterior median sulcus
and anterior medan fissure

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8
Q

4 main porions of spinal cord

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

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9
Q

two widened regions with greater

A

cervical enlargment and lumbar enlargment

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10
Q

in cervical enlargement the neurons innervate

A

upper limbs

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11
Q

in lumbar enlargement neurons innervate

A

lower limbs

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12
Q

nerve is a

A

cablelike bundle of axons

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13
Q

how many spinal nerves are there

A

31

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14
Q

regions of spine in order top to bottom

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

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15
Q

epineurium

A

around nerve

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16
Q

perineurium

A

around fascicle

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17
Q

posterior root ganglion

A

contains cell bodies of these neurons

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18
Q

rootlets merge to form

A

roots

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19
Q

posterior root contains

A

sensory neurons

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20
Q
A
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21
Q

anterior root contains

A

motor neurons

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22
Q

spinal nerves have both

A

sensory and motor neurons

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23
Q

mixed nerves

A

has motor and sensory neurons

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24
Q

spinal nerves are considered ______ nerves

A

mixed

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25
cauda equina means
horse tail
26
posterior horn is ______ part of butterfly
thin
27
roots form structure called
cauda equina
28
grouping of nerves called
plexi
29
what houses spinal cord
vertebral column
30
spinal cord protected by
bone, meninges, CSF
31
spinal cor passes through
vertebral canal
32
each spinal nerve exits through an
intervertebral foramen
33
spinal cord meninges
pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater
34
in spinal cord we have horns that make up
gray matter
35
gray matter sits in _____ of spoinal cord
center
36
posterior horns
house axons sensory neurons
37
lateral horn houses
automatic motor neurons
38
anterior horns house
cell bodies of somatic motor neurons
39
in between horns is called
gray commisure
40
_______ is hole in middle of spinal cord that allows cerbral spinal fluid to flow through
gray commisure
41
motor neurons are found in
anterior and lateral neurons
42
sensory neurons in spinal cord are in
posterior horn
43
somatic motor nuclei innervate
skeletal muscle
44
somatic motor nuclei is ___ control
conscious
45
autonamtic motor nuclei innervates
heart and other glands
46
dermatomes
segment of skin supplied by single spinal nerve
47
sometimes when we have damage to internal organs we can manifest sensation on skin. this is called
referred visceral pain
48
example of referred visceral pain
heart feels pain. people would heart attack might complain about pain in heart but more often they will complai about pain in body.
49
nerve plexus grouping how many
4 main nerve plexus
50
what are the 4 main plexus
cervical plexus, lumbar plexus, sacral plexus, brachial plexus
51
cervical plexuses innervates
interior neck muscles, skin of neck, portions of head and shoulders
52
what comes off of plexus's
terminal branches
53
how many terminal branches are there.
5 main ones
54
what are the 5 major terminal branches in brachial plexus
auxillary, median, musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar
55
brachial plexus has to do with branches to
arm
56
auxillary nerve in brachial plexus
57
median nerve in brachial plexus
to deltoid, major muscles, sensory input grm superlateral arm
58
musculocutaneous nerve in brachial plexus
most anterior forearm muscles
59
radial nerve in brachial plexus
posterior arms muscles.
60
ulnar nerve in brachial plexus
anterior forearm muscles.
61
lumbar plexus has to do with
lower back
62
how many nerves are associated with lumbar plexus
2. femoral nerve, obuturator nerve
63
femoral nerve goes to
femur and thigh
64
obuturator nerve goes to
thigh
65
sacral plexus has 2 nerves
tibial nerve, common fibular nerve, sciatic nerve
66
tibial nerve of sacral plexus
innervates hamstring part of adductor magnus
67
sciatic nerve of sacral plexus
breaks down into 2 divisions tibial and fibular nerves
68
common fibular nerve innervates
short head of biceps femoris msucle
69
largets and longest nerve in body
sciatic nerve
70
fibular nerve branches out into
deep fibular nerve and superficial fibular nerve
71
characteristics of reflexes
stimulis is required to inititatie reflex response is rapid involves chain of only a few neurons response is preprogrammed;always the same response is involuntary; no intetent or awareness of reflex before occurs
72
reflexes
rapid, reprogrammed, involuntary responses of muscles of glands to a stimulus
73
reflexes are _____ mechanisms
survival
74
reflex arc
neural pathway responsible for generating the response
75
reflex how it happens
stimulis received nerve signal is programmed through senseoty neurons to the spinal cord nerve signal is processed in the integration center by interneurons nerve signal is propogated by motor neuron to effector effector responds

anatomy and physiology (30 decks)

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