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anatomy and physiology > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

spinal cord is a link between

A

brain and rest of body

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2
Q

responses that do not involve the brain are called

A

spinal reflexes

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3
Q

spinal cord runs from brains medulla through

A

vertebral canal

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4
Q

inferior end of spinal cord rapers to form

A

conus medullaris

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5
Q

adult spinal cord is normally ____ inch diameter. and ______ length

A

3/4; 16-18 inches

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6
Q

the spinal cord is shorter then the

A

vertebral column

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7
Q

longitudinal depressions are

A

posterior median sulcus
and anterior medan fissure

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8
Q

4 main porions of spinal cord

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

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9
Q

two widened regions with greater

A

cervical enlargment and lumbar enlargment

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10
Q

in cervical enlargement the neurons innervate

A

upper limbs

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11
Q

in lumbar enlargement neurons innervate

A

lower limbs

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12
Q

nerve is a

A

cablelike bundle of axons

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13
Q

how many spinal nerves are there

A

31

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14
Q

regions of spine in order top to bottom

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

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15
Q

epineurium

A

around nerve

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16
Q

perineurium

A

around fascicle

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17
Q

posterior root ganglion

A

contains cell bodies of these neurons

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18
Q

rootlets merge to form

A

roots

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19
Q

posterior root contains

A

sensory neurons

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20
Q
A
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21
Q

anterior root contains

A

motor neurons

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22
Q

spinal nerves have both

A

sensory and motor neurons

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23
Q

mixed nerves

A

has motor and sensory neurons

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24
Q

spinal nerves are considered ______ nerves

A

mixed

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25
Q

cauda equina means

A

horse tail

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26
Q

posterior horn is ______ part of butterfly

A

thin

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27
Q

roots form structure called

A

cauda equina

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28
Q

grouping of nerves called

A

plexi

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29
Q

what houses spinal cord

A

vertebral column

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30
Q

spinal cord protected by

A

bone, meninges, CSF

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31
Q

spinal cor passes through

A

vertebral canal

32
Q

each spinal nerve exits through an

A

intervertebral foramen

33
Q

spinal cord meninges

A

pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater

34
Q

in spinal cord we have horns that make up

A

gray matter

35
Q

gray matter sits in _____ of spoinal cord

36
Q

posterior horns

A

house axons sensory neurons

37
Q

lateral horn houses

A

automatic motor neurons

38
Q

anterior horns house

A

cell bodies of somatic motor neurons

39
Q

in between horns is called

A

gray commisure

40
Q

_______ is hole in middle of spinal cord that allows cerbral spinal fluid to flow through

A

gray commisure

41
Q

motor neurons are found in

A

anterior and lateral neurons

42
Q

sensory neurons in spinal cord are in

A

posterior horn

43
Q

somatic motor nuclei innervate

A

skeletal muscle

44
Q

somatic motor nuclei is ___ control

45
Q

autonamtic motor nuclei innervates

A

heart and other glands

46
Q

dermatomes

A

segment of skin supplied by single spinal nerve

47
Q

sometimes when we have damage to internal organs we can manifest sensation on skin. this is called

A

referred visceral pain

48
Q

example of referred visceral pain

A

heart feels pain. people would heart attack might complain about pain in heart but more often they will complai about pain in body.

49
Q

nerve plexus grouping how many

A

4 main nerve plexus

50
Q

what are the 4 main plexus

A

cervical plexus, lumbar plexus, sacral plexus, brachial plexus

51
Q

cervical plexuses innervates

A

interior neck muscles, skin of neck, portions of head and shoulders

52
Q

what comes off of plexus’s

A

terminal branches

53
Q

how many terminal branches are there.

A

5 main ones

54
Q

what are the 5 major terminal branches in brachial plexus

A

auxillary, median, musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar

55
Q

brachial plexus has to do with branches to

56
Q

auxillary nerve in brachial plexus

57
Q

median nerve in brachial plexus

A

to deltoid, major muscles, sensory input grm superlateral arm

58
Q

musculocutaneous nerve in brachial plexus

A

most anterior forearm muscles

59
Q

radial nerve in brachial plexus

A

posterior arms muscles.

60
Q

ulnar nerve in brachial plexus

A

anterior forearm muscles.

61
Q

lumbar plexus has to do with

A

lower back

62
Q

how many nerves are associated with lumbar plexus

A
  1. femoral nerve, obuturator nerve
63
Q

femoral nerve goes to

A

femur and thigh

64
Q

obuturator nerve goes to

65
Q

sacral plexus has 2 nerves

A

tibial nerve, common fibular nerve, sciatic nerve

66
Q

tibial nerve of sacral plexus

A

innervates hamstring part of adductor magnus

67
Q

sciatic nerve of sacral plexus

A

breaks down into 2 divisions tibial and fibular nerves

68
Q

common fibular nerve innervates

A

short head of biceps femoris msucle

69
Q

largets and longest nerve in body

A

sciatic nerve

70
Q

fibular nerve branches out into

A

deep fibular nerve and superficial fibular nerve

71
Q

characteristics of reflexes

A

stimulis is required to inititatie reflex

response is rapid involves chain of only a few neurons

response is preprogrammed;always the same

response is involuntary; no intetent or awareness of reflex before occurs

72
Q

reflexes

A

rapid, reprogrammed, involuntary responses of muscles of glands to a stimulus

73
Q

reflexes are _____ mechanisms

74
Q

reflex arc

A

neural pathway responsible for generating the response

75
Q

reflex how it happens

A

stimulis received
nerve signal is programmed through senseoty neurons to the spinal cord
nerve signal is processed in the integration center by interneurons
nerve signal is propogated by motor neuron to effector
effector responds

anatomy and physiology (17 decks)

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