Chapter 16 pt3 Flashcards
eyes are almost
spherical
eye has the prescence of a _____ and _____ cavity
posterior and anterior
posterior cavity
contains permanent vitreous humor
anterior cavity
contains circulating aqeous humor
posterior cavity is the
largest portions of the eye
posterior cavity is located
behind lens
anterior cavity is in front of lens behind
behind cornea
eye has 3 tunics/layers called
fibrous(external)
vascular(middle)
retina(inner)
parts of fibrous tunic
sclera
vasular tunic contains
choroid
ciliary body
iris
retina area contains
pigmented layer
neurel layer
fibrous tunic is a ______ outer layer
tough
sclere is the _____ of the eye
white
conrea is anterior ______ transparent
convex “window”
limbus
corneal scleral junction
vascular tunic contains many
blood vesselrs
area with many capillaries and blood vessels is
choroid
choroid brings nourishment to
retinal cells
melanocyts make ____ to absorbe extraneous light
melanin
ciliary muscles and cililary processes help
hold the lens in place, and help with its manipulation
ciliary muscles
bands of smooth muscle connected to lens; alters lens shap
cililary processes
contains capillaries secreting aqeous humor
iris gives _____ to eye
color
iris contains
smooth muscles, melanocytes, vessels, and neurel structures
iris divides into 2 chambers
anterior and posterior chambers
pupil is
opening in the center of the iris connecting the 2 chambers
iris controls
pupil diameter
Retina is the
innermost layer of eye
what are the three sublayers of retina
photoreceptor cell layer
bipolar layer
ganglion cell layer
photoreceptor cell layer
outermost layer, contains rods and cones.
what layer of retina contains pigment that reacts with light
Retina
Bipolar cell layer
dendrites receieve synaptic input from rods and cones
Ganglion cell layer
innermost neural layer
what cel layer has axons that father at optic discs an form optic nerve.
ganglion cell layer
ganglion cell layer is capable of
action potentials
Components of the Retina
optic discs, macula lutea, peripheral retina
optic disc contains no
photoreceptors
the optic disc is where
ganglion axons exit towards brain
optic disc is a
blond spot
macula lutea is a
round, yellow region lateral to optic disc
what contains fovea centralis
macula lutea
what has the high proportion of cones (few rods) and has the sharpest vision
macula lutea
the peripheral retina contains mainly
primarily rods
which part of the retina functions most effectively in low light
peripheral retina
fovea centralis is like a
center of cones
rods are ____ and _____ then cones; more numerous
longer and narrower
each rod is highly sensitive and even react to ______
dim light
rods can result in sensitivity to dim light but a
blurry image and gray scale images
cones respond to
bright light
cones allow for
collor vision and sharp vision
the ear detects
sound and head movement
external ear cmposed of
auricle, external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane
auricle
funnel shaped. visible part of ear with elastic cartilage
tympanic membrane
ear drum;funnel shaped and seperated external and middle ear.
external acoustic medias extends to
tympanic membrain
the auricle protects
entryway and directs sound waves inward
what vibrates when sound waves hit it
tymapnic membrane
external acoustic meatus is the
ear canal
ceruminous glands produce
cerumen
ear wax impedes
microorganism growth
midd ear contains
air filled tympanic cavity
what seperates middle ear from inner ear
bony wall
in the middle ear is the
tympanic cavity and auditory tube
what allows release of air and fluid one pressure builds up
auditory tube
auditory ossicles are
the three tiny bones of middle ear
what are the auditory ossicles
malleus
incus
stapes
the malleus is attached to
medial surface of tympanic membrane
incus
middle possicle resembing and anvil
stapes
resembles a stirrup of a saddle
what auditory ossicle has a disclike fooplate fitting into an oval window
stapes
auditory ossicles ____ sound waves
amplify
auditory ossicles trasmit sound waves to
oval window
auditory ossicles ______ along with the eardrum so the stapes moves in and out of oval window
vibrate
two small muscles restrict ossicle movement during loud sounds
tensor tympani and stapesdius
tensor tympani
attaches to malleus
stepedius
attaches to stapes
the inner ear is compised of 2
labarynths
what are the 2 labyrinths that compose inner ear
bony labyrinth and membraneous labyrinth
bony labyrinth
maselike spaces in temperoal bone
membraneous labyrinth
membrane-lined fkuid filled tubes within bony labyrinth
bony labyrinth is filled with own fluid called
parilymph
membraneous labyrinth fuilled wih own fluid called
endolymph (rich in potassium)
both fkluids in inner ear vibrate and respond to
sound waves
inner ear covered by the
labyrinths
inner ear is composed of three main regions
cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals
cochlea
houses membraneous cochlear duct
vestibule
contains two saclike membraneous parts
semicircular canals
contains membraneous semicircular ducts
the two saclike membraeous oart of vestibuile are
utricle and saccule. they are positioned in right angles
