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anatomy and physiology > chapter 9 review > Flashcards

chapter 9 review Flashcards

1
Q

arthrology

A

study of joints

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2
Q

bones articulate at a

A

joint

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3
Q

3 classes of joints

A

synovial joint cartilaginous joint, and fibrous joint

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4
Q

joints can be descibed by their functional classes

A

synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses

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5
Q

synarthroses

A

immobile joints. can be cartiliginous or fibrous

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6
Q

amphiarthroses

A

sligjhtly mobile joint. can be cartiliginous or fibrous.

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7
Q

diathroses

A

freely mobile joint. all synovial joints

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8
Q

their is a _______ relaitionship between mobility and stability

A

inverse

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9
Q

three types of fibrous joints

A

gomphoses, sutures, syndesmoses

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10
Q

fibrous joints and cartiliginous joints are _____ CT

A

dense regular

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11
Q

gomphoses is like a

A

peg in a socket

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11
Q

how is gomphoses is used in teeth

A

tooth held in place. by fibrous periodontal membranes. synarthroses

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12
Q

sutures found between

A

flat skull bones

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13
Q

sutures become ossified _____ in adults

A

synostoses

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14
Q

when an adult sutures form they are

A

synarthrotic

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15
Q

syndesmoses

A

bound by interosseous membrane, broad ligamentous sheet

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16
Q

syndesmoses found between

A

ulna and ulna, tibia and fibula

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17
Q

syndesmoses is

A

anthyarthroses

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18
Q

cartilaginous joints made of either

A

hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage between bones

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19
Q

cartilaginous joints lack

A

joint cavity

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20
Q

cartilaginous joints are ______ or _____ mobile

A

immobile;slightly mobile

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21
Q

2 types of cartilaginous joints

A

synchondroses, and symphases

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22
Q

synchondroses

A

hyaline cartilage base, immobile (synarthrotic)

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23
Q

symphyses found in

A

pubic bone, vertebrae

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24
Q

fibrocartilage absorbs

A

shock, impact

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24
Q

symphyses made of

A

fibrocartilage

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25
Q

symphyses is

A

amphiarthrotic

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26
Q

synovial joints

A

freely movable (diathrotic)

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27
Q

most joints in the body are

A

synovial

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28
Q

synovial joints have a double-layered ____ _____

A

articular capsule

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29
Q

articular capsule is composed of

A

outer fibrous layer, inner synovial membrane

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30
Q

fibrous outer layer

A

ligaments

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31
Q

synovial inner membrane

A

synovial fluid

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32
Q

bones that have synovial joints have articular cartilage called

A

hyaline cartilage

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33
Q

joint cavity

A

space between articulating bones

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34
Q

joint cavity is lined by synovial membrane and secretes

A

synovial fluid

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35
Q

functions of joint cavity

A

lubricates articular caritlage
nourishes chondrocytes
acts as a shock absorber

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36
Q

bursae can be found in synovial joint

A

saclike structure contains synovial fluid

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37
Q

bursae help

A

alleviate friction

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38
Q

meniscus

A

help with movement

39
Q

classification of synovial joints

A

plane joints, hinge joints, pivot joint,

40
Q

plane joint

A

side to side (one plane), simplest, flat, uniaxial

41
Q

example of plane joint is

A

vertebrae, carpals/tarsals

42
Q

hinge joint

A

convex surface within concave depression. uniaxial like door hinge

43
Q

examle of hinge joint

A

elbow, knee

44
Q

pivot joint

A

bone with rounded surface that fits into ligament ring

45
Q

pivot joint is _____

A

uniaxial ( rotation of longitudinal axis)

46
Q

pivot joint

A

neck (atlantoaxial)

47
Q

condylar joint

A

oval, complex surface articulating with concave surface

48
Q

condylar joint is

49
Q

saddle joint is

50
Q

saddle joint

A

convex and concave surfaces resembking saddle shape

51
Q

ball and socket joint

A

spherical head of one bone fitting into cup like socket

52
Q

ball and socket joint is

A

multiaxial

53
Q

ball and socket joint is the most

A

freely movable joint

54
Q

condyler joint example

A

metacarpel to phalanges joint

55
Q

saddle joint example

A

carpel and metacarpel joint

56
Q

ball and socket joint example

57
Q

four type sof movements in synovial joints

A

gliding, roational, angular, special movements

58
Q

gliding motion

A

two apposing surfaces sliding back and forth.

59
Q

gliding motion occurs in

A

plane joints

60
Q

angular motion

A

increase and decrease angle of two bones

61
Q

types of angular motion

A

flexion and extension, hyperextension, lateral flexion, abduction, adduction, circumduction

62
Q

flexion

A

descreasing angle( bending finger)

63
Q

extension

A

increase angl ebtween bones( straightening fingers after making a fist)

64
Q

hyperextension

A

beyond normal range

65
Q

lateral flexion

A

standing and body moves towards feet

66
Q

abduction

A

moving body part away

67
Q

adduction

A

moving body part to midline

68
Q

circumduction

A

circular motion

69
Q

rotational motion

A

later rotation, medial rotation, pronation, supination

70
Q

lateral rotation

A

away from body

71
Q

medial rotation

A

towards midline

72
Q

pronation

A

palms facing down. like oushup

73
Q

supination

A

palms facing towards front

74
Q

special movements

A

depression, and elevation

75
Q

depression

A

lowering shoulders

76
Q

elevation

A

raising shoulders

77
Q

what are types of feet flexion

A

dorsiflexion, plantar flexion

78
Q

dorsyflexion

A

foot coming up towards tibia

79
Q

plantar flexion

A

front of foot going down like ballerina

80
Q

for shows ____ and ____ as well

A

eversion, and inversion

81
Q

eversion

A

occurs at interrarsal joint. away from midline. sole pointing out

82
Q

inversion

A

sole of foot pointing towards midline

83
Q

protraction

A

sticking out jaw

84
Q

retraction

A

pulling in jaw for example

85
Q

opposition

A

thumbs towards fingers. how we grab

86
Q

reposition

A

going back to normal hand/finger position

87
Q

sprains

A

stretching or tearing of ligament without injuring bone

88
Q

arthritis

A

group of inflammatory or degenerative disease of joints

89
Q

arthritis causes

A

pain and swelling of joins

90
Q

osteoarthritis caused by

A

degenerative condition. wear down of cartilage.

91
Q

osteoarthriris is happens around

A

knuckles, hips, fingers, shoulder

92
Q

rheumatoid arthritis seen in

A

younger adults

93
Q

rheumatoid is an ______ disorder

A

autoimmune. often woman

94
Q

gouty arthritis caused by

A

increased levels of uric acid.

95
Q

gouty acid seen in

A

middle aged or older males

96
Q

rheumatoid arthritis happens when

A

bodys own cells attack cells of joints

anatomy and physiology (17 decks)

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