Chapter 7 Respiratory Tract Flashcards
Alveol/o
Alveoli; Air Sacs
Ox/o
Oxygen (O2)
Bronch/i
Bronchial Tube
Pector/o
Chest
Bronch/o
Bronchial Tube
Pharyng/o
Pharynx; Throat
Bronchiol/o
Bronchioles
Phragm/o
Wall
Capn/o
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Phren/o
Diaphragm
Cyan/o
Blue
Pleur/o
Pleura
Diaphragmat/o
Diaphragm
Pneum/o
Lung; Air; Gas
Epiglott/o
Epiglottis
Pneumon/o
Lung; Air; Gas
Furc/o
Forking; Branching
Pulmon/o
Lung
Gastr/o
Stomach
Py/o
Pus
Glott/o
Glottis
Rhin/o
Nose
Hem/o
Blood
Sinus/o
Sinus
Laryng/o
Larynx; Voice Box
Spir/o
To Breathe; Breathing
Lob/o
Lobe
Tel/o
Complete
Mediastin/o
Mediastinum
Thorac/o
Chest
Nas/o
Nose
Trache/o
Trachea; Windpipe
Olfact/o
Smelling
Tuss/i
Cough
a-, an-
no; not; without
em-
in
anti-
against
hypo-
deficient; below; under; less than normal; decreased
bi-
two; both
meta-
change; beyond
brady-
slow
para-
near; beside; abnormal; apart from; along the side of
dia-
through; complete
tachy-
fast
dys-
bad; painful; difficult; abnormal
trans-
across; through
hyper-
above; excessive; increased
-al, -ar, -ary, -eal, -ic
pertaining to
-plasty
surgical repair
-ation
process; condition
-pnea
breathing
-centesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid
-ptysis
spitting
-dynia
pain
-rrhea
flow; discharge
-ectasis
stretching; dilation; expansion
-scopy
visual examination
-ectasis
stretching; dilation; expandsion
-spasm
sudden involuntary contraction of muscles
-ectomy
removal; excision; resection
-sphyxia
pulse
-ema
condition
-stasis
stopping; controlling
-ia
condition
-stenosis
tightening; narrowing; stricture
-itis
inflammation
-stomy
new opening
-lytic
to reduce; destroy; separate; breakdown
-thorax
chest; pleural cavity
-meter
measure
-tomy
incision; process of cutting into
-osis
abnormal condition
ABG
Arterial Blood Gas
OPP
Ovine Progressive Pneumonia
BG
Blood Gas
pCO2, Pco2
Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide
BRSV
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus
pO2, Po2
Partial Pressure of Oxygen
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
PE
Pulmonary Embolism
CPCR
Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation
Pulse Ox
Pulse Oximeter; Pulse Oximetry
CPR
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
RR
Respiratory Rate
ET Tube
Endotracheal Tube
URI
Upper Respiratory Infection
IBR
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
Alveoli
air sacs in the lungs
Bifurcation
splitting into two branches
Bronchus (plural: bronchi)
bifurcation of the trachea; passageway into the air spaces of the lungs (bronchial tubes)
Bronchioles
smallest branches of the bronchi; lead to the alveoli
Cilia
thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract
Expiration
breathing out; exhalation
Glottis
opening to the larynx (voice box)
Inspiration
breathing in; inhalation
Internal respiration
gas exchange occurring at the tissue level
Mucous membranes
specialized form of epithelial issue that secretes mucus
Mucus
slimy substance produced by mucous membranes; contains epithelial cells, salts, white blood cells, and glandular secretions
Nasal cavity
proximal aspect of the respiratory tract within the nose
Olfactory
condition of smelling
Pleura
membrane surrounding each lung
Pleural cavity
space between the pleural membrane sand surrounding each lung (pleural space)
Respiration
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the atmosphere
Respiratory system
group of organs working together to transfer oxygen from the air to the blood and to transfer carbon dioxide from the blood to the air
Ventilation
exchange of gas in an enclosed space
Vocal cords (vocal folds)
folds of mucous membranes in the larynx that vibrate to create sound
Agonal
respiration near death
Antitussives
substances used to control and prevent coughing
Asphyxia
blockage of breathing leading to hypoxia; suffocation
Aspiration
inhalation of a foreign substance into the respiratory tract
Asthma
chronic, inflammatory disorder marked by dyspnea and wheezing
Atelectasis
incomplete dilation of a lung (alveoli)
Bronchodilators
drugs that cause dilation or expansion of the bronchus
Chest tube
hollow tube placed into the thoracic cavity to remove air or fluid
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
disease in horses consisting of chronic bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and emphysema
commonly called heaves or broken wind
Cough
forced expulsion of air from the lungs
Diaphragmatic hernia
displacement of abdominal organs through the opening in the diaphragm
Emphysema
lung disease caused by enlargement of the alveoli; occurs due to changes, or loss of elasticity, in the alveolar wall
Endotracheal intubation
placement of a tube through the mouth and into the windpipe to establish an airway
Epistaxis
nosebleed
Hyperpnea
increased depth of breathing
Hyperventilation
abnormal, rapid, deep breathing
Hypopnea
slow or shallow breathing
Metastasis
to spread beyond control; spreading of a tumor to a secondary location
Mucolytics
substances used to break down or dissolve mucus
Palliative
relieving symptoms, but not curing
Paroxysmal
sudden occurrence such as a spasm or seizure (ie: cough)
Percussion
tapping a surface to determine the density of the underlying stucture
Phlegm
thick mucus excreted in large quantities
Pneumonia
acute inflammation and infection of the alveoli
Pulse oximeter
instrument fr measuring oxygen concentration in arterial blood
Purulent
containing pus
Rales and Crackles
crackling noises heard on inspriation due to fluid in the alveoli (crepitant)
Rhonchi
wheezing, high-pitched whistling sounds heard during inspriation
Sputum
mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea
Stridor
strained shrill heard during inspiration due to an airway obstruction
Tidal volume
amount of gas passing in and out of the lungs during a respiratory cycle
Transtracheal wash
introduction of sterile saline into the trachea through a catheter and then withdrawal of that fluid for cytology
Vesicular sounds
soft sounds heard on auscultation due to small bronchioles and alveoli (vesicular murmur)
