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Veterinary Medical Terminology > Chapter 10 Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Endocrine System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Aden/o

A

Gland

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2
Q

Keton/o

A

Ketone Bodies (Ketones)

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3
Q

Adren/o

A

Adrenal Gland

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4
Q

Lact/o

A

Milk

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5
Q

Adrenal/o

A

Adrenal Gland

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6
Q

Natr/o

A

Sodium

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7
Q

Andr/o

A

Male

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8
Q

Pancreat/o

A

Pancreas

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9
Q

Calc/o

A

Calcium

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10
Q

Parthyroid/o

A

Parathyroid Glands

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11
Q

Cortic/o

A

Cortex (Outer Region)

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12
Q

Phys/o

A

Growth; Growing

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13
Q

Crin/o

A

To Secrete

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14
Q

Pineal/o

A

Pineal Gland

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15
Q

Dips/o

A

Thirst

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16
Q

Pituitar/o

A

Pituitary

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17
Q

Estr/o

A

Female

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18
Q

Somat/o

A

Body

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19
Q

Gluc/o

A

Sugar

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20
Q

Ster/o

A

Solid Structure

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21
Q

Glyc/o

A

Sugar

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22
Q

Thym/o

A

Thymus Gland

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23
Q

Gonad/o

A

Sex Glands

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24
Q

Thyr/o

A

Thyroid Gland

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25
Q

Home/o

A

Sameness

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26
Q

Thyroid/o

A

Thyroid Gland

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27
Q

Hormon/o

A

Hormones

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28
Q

Toc/o

A

Childbirth

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29
Q

Insulin/o

A

Insulin

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30
Q

Toxic/o

A

Poison

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31
Q

Kal/i

A

Potassium

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32
Q

Ur/o

A

Urine; Urinary Tract

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33
Q

pan-

A

all

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34
Q

endo-

A

in; within

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35
Q

poly-

A

many; much

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36
Q

eu-

A

good; normal; true

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37
Q

tetra-

A

four

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38
Q

hyper-

A

above; excessive; increased

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39
Q

tri-

A

three

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40
Q

hypo-

A

below; deficient; decreased

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41
Q

Acr/o

A

Extremities

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42
Q

oxy-

A

rapid; sharp; acid

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43
Q

-agon

A

to assemble; gather

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44
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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45
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

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46
Q

-oid

A

resembling

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47
Q

-ectomy

A

removal; excision; resection

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48
Q

-oma

A

tumor; mass; collection of fluid

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49
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

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50
Q

-one

A

hormone

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51
Q

-emic

A

pertaining to a blood condition

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52
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

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53
Q

-gen

A

producing; forming

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54
Q

-pathy

A

disease condition

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55
Q

-in, -ine

A

a substance

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56
Q

-stasis

A

stopping; controlling

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57
Q

-ism

A

process; condition

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58
Q

-tomy

A

incision; process of cutting into

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59
Q

-ist

A

specialist

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60
Q

-tropic

A

turning

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61
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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62
Q

-tropin

A

stimulate; act on

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63
Q

-logy

A

study of

64
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocoricotropic Hormone

65
Q

K

A

Potassium

66
Q

ADH

A

Antiduretic Hormone

67
Q

LDDS

A

Low Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test

68
Q

BG

A

Blood Glucose

69
Q

LH

A

Luteinizing Hormone

70
Q

Ca

A

Calcium

71
Q

Mg

A

Magnesium

72
Q

Cl

A

Chloride

73
Q

Na

A

Sodium

74
Q

DI

A

Diabetes Insipidus

75
Q

OT

A

Oxytocin

76
Q

DKA

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

77
Q

PRL

A

Prolactin

78
Q

DM

A

Diabetes Mellitus

79
Q

PTH

A

Parathormone

80
Q

FBS

A

Fasting Blood Sugar

81
Q

PU/PD

A

Polyuria/Polydipsia

82
Q

FSH

A

Follicle-stimulating Hormone

83
Q

RAI

A

Radioactive Iodine; Treatment for hyperthyroidism

84
Q

GH

A

Growth Hormone

85
Q

T3

A

Triiodothyronine

86
Q

GTT

A

Glucose Tolerance Tesst

87
Q

T4

A

Thyroxine; Tetraiodothythronine

88
Q

HDDS

A

High Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test

89
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid-stimulating Hormone

90
Q

Adrenal glands

A

pair of suprarenal glands that are made up of a cortex and medulla

91
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

outer section of adrenal gland that secretes corticosteroids

92
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

inner section of the adrenal gland that secretes catecholamines

93
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

hormone produced by the anterior pituitary; stimulates the adrenal cortex

94
Q

Aldosterone

A

produced by the adrenal cortex; controls sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion

95
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

hormone produced by the posterior pituitary that controls reabsorption of water by the kidneys; aka vasopressin

96
Q

Calcitonin

A

hormone produced by the thyroid gland to regulate calcium levels

97
Q

Catecholamines

A

hormones derived from amino acids secreted from the adrenal medulla; epinephrine & norepinephrine

98
Q

Corticosteroids

A

hormones derived from fats and secreted by the adrenal cortex; glucocorticoids & mineralcorticoids (steriods)

99
Q

Cortisol

A

glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex to regulate metabolism of carbs , fats, and lipids; increases blood glucose

100
Q

Electrolytes

A

chemical substances necessary for proper functioning of cells; potassium, chloride, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium

101
Q

Epinephrine

A

catecholamine produced by the adrenal medulla to increase blood pressure, heart rate, and blood glucose; aka adrenaline

102
Q

Estrogen

A

hormone produced by the ovaries; responsible for female secondary sex characteristics

103
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

hormone produced by pituitary to stimulate maturation of ovum

104
Q

Glucagon

A

hormone produced by pancreas to increase blood sugar

105
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

corticosteroids that regulate metabolism of carbs, fats, and proteins; have an anti-inflammatory effect

106
Q

Glycogen

A

stored starch form of glucose in liver

107
Q

Gonadotropins

A

hormones that stimulate the gonads

108
Q

Growth hormone (GH)

A

produced by the anterior pituitary to stimulate growth of bones and tissues; aka somatotropin

109
Q

Homeostasis

A

state of equilibrium of the body’s internal environment

110
Q

Hormone

A

chemical messengers that have a lock and key effect in which they bind to sites on other organs and tissues to trigger an action

111
Q

Insulin

A

hormone produced by the pancreas to decrease blood sugar

112
Q

Ketones

A

acid by-products of fat metabolism

113
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

produced by the anterior pituitary to promote ovulation

114
Q

Mineralocorticoid

A

corticosteroids produced by the adrenal cortex to regulate electrolytes and water balance

115
Q

Norepinephrine

A

catecholamine produced by the adrenal medulla to promote vasoconstriction, increase blood pressure, and heart rate

116
Q

Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)

A

hormone released by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the production of melanin

117
Q

Ovaries

A

pair of female organs on either side of the pelvis that produce estrogen and progesterone

118
Q

Oxytocin

A

hormone produced by the posterior pituitary to stimulate the uterus to contract and secrete milk

119
Q

Pancreas

A

endocrine gland that secretes insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose

120
Q

Parathormone (PTH)

A

hormone produced by the parathyroid glands to regulate calcium and phosphorus

121
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

four small endocrine glands on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland that regulate calcium

122
Q

Pituitary gland

A

endocrine gland at the base of the brain made of an anterior and posterior portion; aka “master gland”; produces ADH, Oxytocin, ACTH, FSH, GH, LH, MSH, PRL, TSH

123
Q

Hypothalamus

A

portion of the brain that secretes releasing and inhibiting factors that affect the pituitary

124
Q

Progesterone

A

hormone produced by the ovaries during pregnancy to protect the embryo and stimulate lactation

125
Q

Prolactin (PRL)

A

produced by the anterior pituitary; stimulates milk secretion

126
Q

Testes

A

male gonads that produce spermatozoa and the hormone testosterone

127
Q

Testoterone

A

hormone produced by the testes; responsible for male sex characteristics

128
Q

Thyroid gland

A

endocrine gland in the neck that produces thyroid hormones which help regulate metabolism and stores iodine

129
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones

130
Q

Thyoxine (T4)

A

produced by the thyroid to regulate metabolism; aka tetraiodothyronine

131
Q

Triiodothyronine (T3)

A

produced by the thyroid to regulate metabolism

132
Q

Thymus gland

A

organ in the cranial mediastinum that produces and stores lymphocytes

133
Q

Dexamethasone suppression test

A

test that measures the body’s response to a dexamethasone injection to diagnose Cushing’s and its cause

134
Q

Diabetes insipidus (DI)

A

metabolic disorder causing a lack of anti-diuretic hormone secretion

135
Q

Diabetes mellitus (DM)

A

disorder characterized by a lack of insulin secretion or a rsistance to insulin

136
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

A

low blood pH due to a build up of ketones in diabetics

137
Q

Glucose curve

A

test used to diagnose DM; monitor blood glucose changes in a 24 hr period

138
Q

Hyperadrenocorticism

A

disease in which excessive cortisol is produced by adrenal cortex; Cushing’s Disease

139
Q

Hypoadrenocorticism

A

disease causing a lack of cortisol secretion by the adrenal cortex; Addison’s Disease

140
Q

Hypercrinism

A

condition of excessive secretion from a gland

141
Q

Hypocrinism

A

condition of deficient secretion from a gland

142
Q

Hypergonadism

A

excessive hormone secretionfromthe gonads

143
Q

Hypogonadism

A

deficient hormone secretion from the gonads

144
Q

Hyperinsulinism

A

deficient insulin secretion from the pancreas

145
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

excessive secretion of parathormone from the parathyroid

146
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

deficient secretion of parathormone from the parathyroid

147
Q

Hyperpituitarism

A

excessive secretion from the pituitary

148
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

deficient secretion from the pituitary

149
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

excessive hormone secretion from the thyroid gland; most common in cats

150
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

deficient hormone secretion from the thyroid gland; most common in dogs

151
Q

Insulinoma

A

tumor on the pancreas causing excessive secretion of insulin; most common in ferrets

152
Q

Panhypopituitarism

A

hypopituitarism due to an absence of the pituitary gland

153
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

tumor in the adrenal medulla causing excessive secretion of catecholamines

154
Q

Piruitarism

A

any disorder of the pituitary gland

155
Q

T3 suppression test

A

administration of T3 to diagnose borderline hyperthyroidism

156
Q

Thyrotoxicosis

A

excessive, life threatening amounts of thyroid hormones

Veterinary Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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