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Veterinary Medical Terminology > Chapter 3 Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acetabul/o

A

acetabulum

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2
Q

metacarp/o

A

metacarpals

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3
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiff

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4
Q

metatars/o

A

metatarsals

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5
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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6
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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7
Q

articul/o

A

joint

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8
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow; spinal cord

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9
Q

burs/o

A

bursa

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10
Q

myos/o

A

muscle

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11
Q

calc/o

A

calcium

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12
Q

necr/o

A

death

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13
Q

calcane/o

A

calcaneus

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14
Q

olecran/o

A

olecranon

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15
Q

carp/o

A

carpus

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16
Q

orth/o

A

bone

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17
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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18
Q

oss/e; oss/i

A

bone

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19
Q

clavicul/o

A

clavicle

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20
Q

pariet/o

A

side

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21
Q

cost/o

A

rib

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22
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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23
Q

costal/o

A

rib

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24
Q

patell/o

A

patella

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25
Q

crani/o

A

skull

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26
Q

ped/o

A

child; foot

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27
Q

dactyl/o

A

toes; digits

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28
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvis; pelvic bone; hip

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29
Q

erg/o

A

work

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30
Q

perone/o

A

fibula

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31
Q

fasci/o; fasc/i

A

fascia

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32
Q

phalang/o

A

phalanges; digits

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33
Q

femor/o

A

femur

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34
Q

pub/o

A

pubis

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35
Q

fibros/o

A

fibrous connective tissue

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36
Q

radi/o

A

radius; x-ray

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37
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula

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38
Q

rhabdomy/o

A

striated (skeletal) muscle

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39
Q

hem/o

A

blood

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40
Q

rheumat/o

A

watery flow

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41
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

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42
Q

sacr/o

A

sacrum

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43
Q

humer/o

A

humerus

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44
Q

sarc/o

A

connective tissue (flesh)

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45
Q

hydr/o

A

fluid; water

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46
Q

scapula/o

A

scapula

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47
Q

ili/o

A

ilium

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48
Q

sphen/o

A

wedge

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49
Q

isch/o

A

ischium

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50
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra

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51
Q

kinesi/o

A

movement

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52
Q

stern/o

A

sternum

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53
Q

kyph/o

A

humpback; bent; hump

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54
Q

synov/o

A

synovial membrane; tendon sheath

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55
Q

lacrim/o

A

tear; tear duct

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56
Q

tars/o

A

tarsus

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57
Q

lamin/o

A

lamina

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58
Q

ten/o

A

tendon

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59
Q

leiomy/o

A

smooth (visceral) muscle

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60
Q

tendin/o

A

tendon

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61
Q

ligament/o

A

ligament

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62
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia

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63
Q

lord/o

A

curve; swayback; bent backward

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64
Q

ton/o

A

tension

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65
Q

malleol/o

A

malleolus

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66
Q

uln/o

A

ulna

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67
Q

mandibul/o

A

mandible; lower jaw

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68
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra

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69
Q

maxilla/o

A

maxilla; upper jaw

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70
Q

hyper-

A

above; excessive

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71
Q

a-, an-

A

no; not; without

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72
Q

hypo-

A

deficient; below; under; less than normal

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73
Q

ab-

A

away from

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74
Q

inter-

A

between

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75
Q

ad-

A

toward

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76
Q

meta-

A

change; beyond

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77
Q

amph-

A

around; on both sides; doubly

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78
Q

pan-

A

all

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79
Q

anti-

A

against

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80
Q

peri-

A

surrounding; around

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81
Q

de-

A

lack of; down; less; removal of

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82
Q

poly-

A

many; much

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83
Q

dia-

A

through; complete

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84
Q

sub-

A

under; below

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85
Q

dys-

A

bad; painful; difficult; abnormal

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86
Q

supra-

A

above; upper

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87
Q

electro-

A

electricity

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88
Q

sym-

A

together; with

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89
Q

endo-

A

in; within

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90
Q

syn-

A

together; with

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91
Q

epi-

A

above; upon; on

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92
Q

-ac, -al, -ar, -ary, -eal, -ic, -ous

A

pertainingto

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93
Q

-oma

A

tumor; mass; fluid collection

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94
Q

-algia

A

pain

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95
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

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96
Q

-blast

A

immature; embryonic

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97
Q

-pathy

A

disease condition

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98
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture to remove fluid

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99
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation; to put in place

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100
Q

-clast

A

to break

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101
Q

-physis

A

to grow

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102
Q

-cyte

A

cell

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103
Q

-plasia

A

development; formation; growth

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104
Q

-desis

A

surgical fixation; to bind; tie together

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105
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

106
Q

-dynia

A

pain

107
Q

-poiesis

A

formation

108
Q

-ectomy

A

removal; excision; resection

109
Q

-porosis

A

condition of pores (spaces)

110
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

111
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suture

112
Q

-fication

A

process of making

113
Q

-sclerosis

A

hardening

114
Q

-genesis

A

producing; forming

115
Q

-scopy

A

visual examination

116
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

117
Q

-tome

A

instrument to cut

118
Q

-ion

A

process

119
Q

-tomy

A

process of cutting; incision

120
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

121
Q

-therapy

A

treatment

122
Q

-kinesis

A

movement

123
Q

-trophy

A

development; nourishment

124
Q

-malacia

A

softening

125
Q

-y

A

condition

126
Q

-metry

A

measurement

127
Q

AAHA

A

American Animal Hospital Association

128
Q

Ortho

A

Orthopedic or Orthopedic Procedure

129
Q

ACL

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

130
Q

PDR

A

Physician’s Desk Reference

131
Q

AVMA

A

American Veterinary Medical Association

132
Q

PROM

A

Passive Range of Motion

133
Q

Bilat.

A

Bilateral

134
Q

R (in circle)

A

Right

135
Q

CAR

A

Congenital Articular Rigidity

136
Q

ROM

A

Range of Motion

137
Q

CCL; CrCL

A

Cranial Cruciate Ligament

138
Q

RVT

A

Registered Veterinary Technician

139
Q

CVT

A

Certified Veterinary Technician

140
Q

THR

A

Total Hip Replacement

141
Q

DVM

A

Doctor of Veterinary Medicine

142
Q

TPLO

A

Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy

143
Q

EMG

A

Electromyogram

144
Q

TPO

A

Triple Pelvic Osteotomy

145
Q

L (in circle)

A

Left

146
Q

TTA

A

Tibial Tuberosity Advancement

147
Q

LVT

A

Licensed Veterinary Technician

148
Q

VPB

A

Veterinary Pharmaceuticals and Biologicals

149
Q

NAVTA

A

National Association of Veterinary Technicians of America

150
Q

Osseous Tissue

A

Bone Tissue

151
Q

Ossification

A

Bone formation

152
Q

Osteoblast

A

Bone cell that forms bone tissue (immature bone cell)

153
Q

Osteoclast

A

Bone cell that absorbs & removes bone tissue (phagocyte of bone)

154
Q

Osteocyte

A

Bone cell

155
Q

Calcium

A

Combines w/ phosphorus to form hard material in bones and teeth

156
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Thin layer of cartilage covering the surface of bones at a joint

157
Q

Cancellous bone

A

Spongy or porous bone found at the ends of long bones & inner portions of long bones

158
Q

Collagen

A

Structural protein making up the white fibrous strands found in bone

159
Q

Compact bone

A

Hard, dense, bone tissue that forms the outer layer of bone (cortical bone)

160
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of a long bone

161
Q

Endosteum

A

Inner lining of bone

162
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

Cartilaginous region of long bones where lengthwise growth occurs (growth plate)

163
Q

Physis

A

Growth plate

164
Q

Epiphysis

A

Each end of a long bone, made of cancellous bone & cover w/ articular cartilage

165
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Central, hollowed out portion in the shaft of a long bone that contains yellow bone marrow

166
Q

Metaphysis

A

Flared portion of a long bone between the epiphyseal plate & diaphysis

167
Q

Periosteum

A

Membrane surrounding bone, contains blood vessels & nerves

168
Q

Red bone marrow

A

In cancellous bone, site of hematopoiesis (blood cell formation)

169
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

In the diaphysis of bone, consists of fatty tissue

170
Q

Long Bones

A

Longer than they are wide, ie. femur

171
Q

Short Bones

A

Cuboidal (cube shaped), ie. carpals

172
Q

Flat Bones

A

Two sheets of compact bone that allow for protection, are flat & thin, ie. scapula

173
Q

Sesamoid Bones

A

Small bones that are embedded in tendons, sesame seed shaped, ie. patella

174
Q

Irregular Bones

A

Don’t fit in any other category, ie. vertebrae

175
Q

Acetabulum

A

cup-like depression in pelvis that makes the hip joint

176
Q

Bone Head

A

rounded articular process separated from the shaft by a neck

177
Q

Condyle

A

knuckle-like projections at the distal end of some long bones

178
Q

Crest

A

high projection or border projection of a bone

179
Q

Foramen

A

hole in bone that allows for the passage of nerves & vessels

180
Q

Fossa

A

shallow cavity or depression in bone

181
Q

Groove

A

narrow, linear depression (sulcus)

182
Q

Olecranon

A

bony process at the proximal end of the ulna

183
Q

Sinus

A

hollow space or cavity in bone

184
Q

Trochanter

A

large, blunt, roughened process on the femur for attachment of muscles & tendons

185
Q

Tubercle

A

rounded process on bones for attachment of muscles & tendons

186
Q

Tuberosity

A

small roughened process on bones for attachment of muscles & tendons

187
Q

Calcaneus

A

one of the tarsal bones that sits in the back of the tarsus (ankle bone)

188
Q

Vertebral Formula for Dogs/Cats

A

C7 T13 L7 S3(fused) Ca(Cy) 3-24

189
Q

Vertebral Formula for Horses

A

C7 T18 L6 S5(fused) Ca(Cy)15-21

190
Q

Os penis

A

Bone in penis of some carnivores

191
Q

Os rostri

A

Bone in the nose of pigs

192
Q

Os cordis

A

Bone found in the heart of ruminants

193
Q

Achondroplasia

A

Hereditary condition in which bones & cartilage of limbs don’t grow to normal size

194
Q

Amputation

A

Removal of a limb or other appendage

195
Q

Calcification

A

Deposit of calcium salts in tissue

196
Q

Callus

A

Bone deposit formed at the ends of bone fracture, is absorbed as fracture is repaired & replaced by bone

197
Q

Chemonucleolysis

A

dissolving a portion of the center of an IVD to treat herniated disk

198
Q

Crepitation

A

crackling sounds produced by grating of broken bones (crepitus)

199
Q

Decalcification

A

loss of calcium in bone and teeth

200
Q

Dislocation

A

displacement of bone form its joint

201
Q

Fracture

A

sudden breaking of bone

202
Q

Herniation ofIVD

A

abnormal protrusion of an IVD into neural cavity or spinal nerves

203
Q

Immobilization

A

act of preventing a bone from being moved (sutures, bandages, casts)

204
Q

Kyphosis

A

abnormal, increased, dorsal curvature of spine (hunchback)

205
Q

Laminectomy

A

removal of part of vertebral arch to relieve pressure from a ruptured IVD

206
Q

Lordosis

A

downward/ventral curvature of the lumbar spine (swayback)

207
Q

Orthopedic

A

branch of surgery dealing w/ skeletal system

208
Q

Osteoporosis

A

decreased bone density due to loss of bone tissue

bones become porous & fragile, can break easily

209
Q

Reduction

A

correction of fracture

210
Q

Sequestrum

A

piece of dead bone tissue that has separated from healthy bone during necrosis

211
Q

synarthroses joint

A

joints joined together by a suture (bones of skull)

212
Q

amphiarthroses joint

A

joints that allow for limited movement (vertebrae)

213
Q

diarthroses (synovial) joints

A

joints w/ varying degrees of movement (hip, elbow, shoulder, hock, etc)

214
Q

enarthoses or spheroid joint

A

ball & socket, rounded head of one bone fits into socket of another (hip, shoulder)

215
Q

arthrodial joints

A

gliding, joint surfaces are flat allowing for gliding motion (carpus)

216
Q

ginglymus joints

A

hinge, joint allows for movement in one plane (elbow, stifle)

217
Q

trochoid joints

A

pivot, pulley-shaped or pivot-like joints (atlanto-axial joint in neck)

218
Q

saddle joints

A

only in humans/primates, surface of both bones are concave in one plane and convex in the other (thumb)

219
Q

Articulation

A

where two or more bones come together (joint)

220
Q

Bursa

A

sac of fluid near a joint that acts as lubrication to ease friction between tissues, bones & ligaments

221
Q

Ligament

A

connective tissue binds bone to bone

222
Q

Synovial cavity

A

space between bones at a synovial joint, contains synovial fluid

223
Q

Synovial fluid

A

viscous fluid within synovial cavity that acts as lubrication between bones

224
Q

Synovial joint

A

freely movable joint (diarthrosis)

225
Q

Synovial membrane

A

membrane lining synovial cavity that produces synovial fluid

226
Q

Tendon

A

connective tissue that binds muscle to bone

227
Q

Anterior drawer sign

A

cranial movement of proximal tibia in relation to distal femur, check for CCL damage in sifle

228
Q

Congenital articular rigidity (CAR)

A

condition from birth in which joint of limbs are fixed in position

229
Q

Extra capsular technique (extra cap)

A

technique using nonabsorbent suture to replace the cranial cruciate ligament

230
Q

Gait

A

Manner of walking

231
Q

Gout

A

inflammation of a joint due to increase in uric acid crystals

232
Q

Lame; lameness

A

incapable of normal locomotion

233
Q

Luxation

A

displacement of a bone from its joint (dislocation)

234
Q

Pannus

A

inflammatory fluid overlying synovial cells, seen in rheumatoid arthritis

235
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

inflammation of joints due to autoimmune disease

236
Q

Subluxation

A

partial displacement of a bone from its joint

237
Q

Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO)

A

Procedure that changes slope of tibial plateau to help stabilize stifle after tearing the CCL

238
Q

Tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA)

A

procedure to advance tibial tuberosity to stabilize stifle after tearing CCL

239
Q

Total hip replacement (THR)

A

replacement of femoral head & acetabulum to correct hip dysplasia

240
Q

Triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO)

A

procedure in which pelvis is cut in 3 places to change angle the acetabulum meets the femoral head to correct hip dysplasia

241
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the midline of the body

242
Q

adduction

A

movement toward the midline of the body

243
Q

dorsiflexsion

A

backward bending (flexion)

244
Q

extension

A

increasing the angle between two bones at a joint

245
Q

flexion

A

decreasing the angle between two bones at a joint

246
Q

pronation

A

act of turning the palmar or plantar surface downward

247
Q

supination

A

act of turning the palmar or plantar surface upward

248
Q

rotation

A

circular movement that turns a body part around an axis

249
Q

adhesion

A

fibrous band that connects two surfaces that are normally separate, results from scar tissue forming around incisions

250
Q

ambulatory

A

able to walk

251
Q

atrophy

A

no development due to a decrease from the normal cell size

252
Q

hyperplasia

A

increased development due to an increase in cell numbers

253
Q

laxity

A

looseness

254
Q

myasthenia

A

muscle weekness

255
Q

myasthesnia gravis

A

syndrome of muscular weakness that is aggravated by activity & relieved by rest

256
Q

myoclonus

A

repetitive contractions of skeletal muscles that persist during sleep

257
Q

myotonia

A

disorder in which there’s a delayed relaxation of muscle after contraction

258
Q

tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of tendon & tendon sheath

259
Q

tetany

A

continuous muscle spasms or twitching

260
Q

tonus

A

muscle tone; balanced muscle tension

Veterinary Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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