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Plant Biology > Chapter 7 - Leaves > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Leaves Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the basic parts of a leaf?

A
  • Blade or Lamina
  • Petiole
  • Veins
  • Stipules - usually small
  • Abscission Layer - base of the leave that weakens and drops the leaf
  • Axillary Bud -
  • Leaf Gap
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2
Q

Hydrothodes

A

vascular bundle that is not plugged so it undergoes gluttation

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3
Q

Sessile Leaves

A

When the leaf blade is attached directly to the stem

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4
Q

Simple Leaves

A

They have only one blade. There are many shapes of blades, apexes, leaf bases, and leaf margins

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5
Q

Reticulate Venation

A

common for dicots with a network of veins. There are different vein patterns.

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6
Q

Reticulate Venation (Vein patterns)

A
  • Palmate
  • Pinnate
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7
Q

Parallel Venation

A
  • typical in monocots
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8
Q

Dichotomous Venation

A

Veins spread out like a fan

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9
Q

Compound leaves

A

These leaves have more than one blade

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10
Q

Palmately compound.

A
  • look for the axillary bud next to the petiole.
  • several leaves from one petiole
  • swelling at the base of the leaf.
    example– blackberry
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11
Q

Pinnately compund

A
  • it almost always has many leaflets
  • can be bi or tripinnately compound
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12
Q

What are the leaf arrangments on a stem?

A
  • Alternate
  • Opposite
  • Whorled
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13
Q

Three leaf tissue types

A
  • Epidermis
  • Mesophyll
  • Vasular bundle
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14
Q

Epidermis

A
  • has no chlorophyll
  • secrete cutin to make a cuticle on the surface of the leaf
  • ## has leave hairs
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15
Q

Three types of epidermal cells

A
  • Typical
  • guard cells - swell up when it takes in water. on the underside of leaves. guard cells include stomata
  • Gland cells - projections that secrete things.
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16
Q

Mesophyll in dicots

A
  • Palisade mesophyll - post-like cells that are tightly packed together.
  • Spongy mesophyll - regulates the humidity
17
Q

Mesophyll in monocots

A

don’t have different types of mesophyll

18
Q

bulliform cells

A

huge, bubble-shaped epidermal cells found on the top surface of leaves in groups of multiple monocots. they store water.

19
Q

tannins

A

tanned proteins that are denatured. Leaf turns brown of tan color

20
Q

Carotenoids

A

Carotenes: yellow or orange
Xanthophylls: Pale Yellow

21
Q

Anthocyanin, Betacyanin

A

anthocyanin = red
betacyanin = red

22
Q

Why the change in color?

A

as the chlorophylls dissapear the other pigments become prominnat

23
Q

Abscission Zone

A

when the leaf drops

The function is suppressed in the summer
it is triggered by day length

24
Q

What are the layers in the abscission zone?

A
  • Protective layer
  • Separation layer
25
Q

Sun vs Shade leaves

A
  • Sunny leaves are thicker
26
Q

Examples of leaves from shaded areas.

A
  • Old man cactus
  • Stonecrop
  • Compass plant
27
Q

Submerged aquatic plants

A
28
Q

Tendrils

A
  • yellow vetch
  • rachis of a compound leaf
29
Q

Spines

A
  • stipules of the leaf makes the spine
  • barberry
  • black locust
30
Q

storage leaves

A

Succulents
Stonecrop
Ice plant
- store water or food.

31
Q

Reproductive leaves

A

buds on leaves that drop to the ground and start a new plant

example: Kalenchoe (air plany)

32
Q

Bract

A

looks like a petal but it’s a leaf on Pointsetta

33
Q

predatory plants

A

grow in acidic areas that are hard to get nitrogen

examples:
pitcher plants - secretes nectar by the rim and insects fall in.
Sundews - have glandular hairs that catch insects
Venus Flytrap - only grows in bogs by the Carolinas. has sensory cells
Bladderworts - form a chamber with a vacuum that sucks in insects
Butterwort - looks like melted butter on leaves. insects get stuck on

34
Q

begonia leaf (blue)

A

looks blue
absorbs more green and red and less blue
structures slow down the light

35
Q

What are human uses for leaves?

A
  • Banana leaves for plates or protection
  • food
  • spices
  • dyes - henna
  • fibers - hemp, agave, palm trees
  • oils - tea tree oil, lavender
36
Q

Drugs from plants

A
  • belladonna – atropine and scopolamine
  • Foxglove – digitalis
  • Tabacco
  • Marijuana
  • Caffeine
  • Insecticides – bay leaves and neem tree

Plant Biology (20 decks)

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