Chapter 10

Question 1

How much sugar for photosynthesis?

Answer 1

Photosythesis produces tons and tons of sugar a year

Question 2

Stroma

Answer 2

meaning mattress or bed.
inside the chloroplast but not inside the thylakoids

Question 3

Stroma has what kind of reations?

Answer 3

soluble reactions

Question 4

Inner thylakoid fluids have what kind of relations?

Answer 4

soluble reaction

Question 5

What has membrane-bound reactions

Answer 5

Grana and other membranes

Question 6

What is chlorophyll a?

Answer 6

• most common type of chlorophyll
• In cyanonacteria found in all algea and green plants

Question 7

What is chlorophyll a’s structure?

Answer 7

• Long hydrophobic chain (anchor)
• Porphyrin Ring

Question 8

What is a Porphyrin ring?

Answer 8

• Conjugated bonds
• 4 Crossed-linked nitrogens
• Magnesium in the center
• Side groups

Question 9

What is chlorphyll a’s light spectrum?

Answer 9

Has a peak at blue and a peak at red.

Question 10

Chlorophyll b

Answer 10

• Same structure but with a -CHO attached
• Strong peak of green

Question 11

Chlorophyll c

Answer 11

• diatoms
  -dinoflagellates
• brown algae (no terrestrial plants)
• does well in blue light

Question 12

Chlorophyll d

Answer 12

• cyanobacteria
• red algae (no terrestrial plants)
• has a peak in the infrared and good at absorbing its light

Question 13

Carotenoids

Answer 13

• Accessory pigments in the light-harvesting complexes
• Anti-oxidants
• Stabilize protein folding
• Quench ROS
• Thermally dissipate excess energy

Question 14

Phycobilins

Answer 14

• Water soluble
• Cyanobacteria and red algae

Question 15

What happens when a pigment absorbs light?

Answer 15

• Florescence
• Resonance energy transfer
• Electron Displacement

Question 16

What are the reactions in photosynthesis?

Answer 16

3 CO2 + 6 H2O ——> C3H6O3 + 3 O2 + 3 H2O

• Light-dependant reactions (energy teansduction) - harvest light energy and make ATP and NADPH
• light-independent reactions (carbon fixation)- uses atp to fix carbon

Question 17

Light-dependent reactions:

Answer 17

• Highly complex, harness high energy
• Many pigments, enzymes, proteins
• Precise configuration is crucial.
• Take place on the thylakoid membrane
• Two photosystems, each with an antenna
• ….

Question 18

What is the location of Photosystem one?

Answer 18

• outer part of thylakoid membrane

Question 19

What is the structure of the reaction center and how it works

Answer 19

• boosts to high energy level p 700
• Cyclic photophosphorylation that makes ATP

SEE SLIDE

Question 20

non-cyclicphotophospholation

Answer 20

goes throigh feredoxin and FAD

Question 21

Photosystem II:

Answer 21

• it works from non-cyclic photophosphorylation
• the cyclic is needed also to create more ATP

Question 22

Carbon Fixation from the Calvin cycle

Answer 22

• 3 stages (Cycles)
• Goes around the cycle with 6 turns
• RuBP Carboxylase - is the most abundant protein on earth. 40% of soluble

Question 23

Calvin Cycle

Answer 23

SEE SLIDE

Question 24

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM)

Answer 24

• uses C3 + C4, separated temporarily
• used by many arid plants: succulents, cactus, orchids, stonecrop, Welwitscis, quillworts, some ferns

Question 25

The CAM pathway

Answer 25

Night
- Cooler, sto

Question 26

Advantages and disadvantages of CAM

Answer 26

• Strongly conserves water
• Photosynthetic capacity is limited during the day – slow growith

Question 27

Secondary metabolites

Answer 27

• Excess Metabolites
• Produce many compounds
  Three common secondary metabolites
• Alkaloids - powerful effect on human condition
• Phenolics - contain benzene rings and are produced in shikimaic pathway and pentose phosphate pathway.
• Terpenoids