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Plant Biology > Ch. 17-18 Algae > Flashcards

Ch. 17-18 Algae Flashcards

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1
Q

Cyanobacteria

A
  • Bacteria that is photosynthetic
  • Prokaryotes
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2
Q

Cyanobacteria Pigments

A

A. Chlorophyll a,d,f
B. Phycobilins
- Phycocyanin (blue)
- Phycoerythrin (red)

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3
Q

Cyanobacteria Description

A
  • Photosynthesize - Produce O2
  • May fix N2 in heterocyst
  • Recombination but no mitosis, meiosis
  • NO flagella but some move
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4
Q

Examples of unpigmented Bacteria

A

Staphylococcus
Spirillum
Streptococcus

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5
Q

Ecology of Cyanobacteria

A

a. Ponds
b. Ocean (e.g. Synechococcus) common cyanobacteria that lives in the ocean
c. Hot Water - precipitates calcium carbonate
d. Stromatolites
e. Algal blooms: Nostoc, Anabaena, Microcystis
f. Fertilize rice fields
g. Symbionts

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6
Q

Symbionts (Symbiotic Cyanobacteria)

A

Lichen
anemone
Sponges
Snails
Cyads
Azola Ferns

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7
Q

Prochlorophytes

A
  • they do not have mitochondria but are photosynthetic
  • have chlorophyll a & b but no phycobilins or phycocianbs
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8
Q

Phylum Chlorophyta

A

Green Algae

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9
Q

Phylum Chlorophyta description

A

a. unicells, filaments, sheets, colonies, spheres, stars
b. Fresh ??

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10
Q

Unicellular Phylum Chlorophyta

A
  • Motile: Chlamydomonas, Chorella
  • Cup shaped chloroplast
  • Desmids - star or crescent shaped
  • Acetabularia (Mermades wine glass)
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11
Q

Filamentus Phylum Chlorophyta

A
  • Spirogyra - reproduction via conjugation
  • Oedogonium - a great food source for the future.
  • Hydrodictyon - makes a network
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12
Q

Colonial (multicellular) Phylum Chlorophyta

A
  • Ulva
  • Volvox - ball of several hundred cells
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13
Q

Ceonocytic (multinuclear and one cell) Phylum Chlorophyta

A
  • Codium
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14
Q

Characteristics of Phylum Chromaphyta in common with

A

a. Chlorophyll a + carotenoids, xanthophylls (Fucoxanthin)
b. Store food energy as oil or carbohydrate laminarin
c. Hairlike projection on flagellum

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15
Q

Family Xanthophyceae

A

Yellow-Green Algae

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16
Q

Description Family Xanthophyceae

A
  • Freshwater unicells
  • Flagellae point opposite directions
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17
Q

Family Chrysophyceae

A

Golden-Brown Algae

18
Q

Description Family Chrysophyceae

A
19
Q

Family Bacillariophyceae

A

Diatoms

20
Q

Description of Family Bacillariophyceae

A
  • Unicellular, Diploid
  • Centric, Pennate
  • Frustule of pectins with silica
  • Cell division
  • Chlorophylls a, c, fucoxanthin
  • Build a structure of pectins around themselves that is hard as glass.
21
Q

Reproduction of Family Bacillariophyceae

A

-Half the cells of each generation become progressively smaller
- The other half remain consistent in size
- When they get really small they switch to sexual reproduction

22
Q

Ecology of Family Bacillariophyceae

A
  • Primary Producers
  • Oil stores
  • Diatomaceous earth
23
Q

Family Phaeophyceae

A

Brown Algae

24
Q

Description of Family Phaeophyceae

A
  • Multicellular, diploid
  • Holdfast, stipe, blade
  • brown due to Fucoxanthin
  • Bladders are called pneumatocysts
25
Q

Examples of Family Phaeophyceae

A
  • Laminaria (flat)
  • Bullwhip kelp
  • Fucus (Rockweed)
  • Sargassum (little bulbs)
26
Q

Reproduction of Family Phaeophyceae

A

Tips of thallus swells up and fills with gelatinous material.
- full of pores that contain concepticales
- in the male and female concepticals
- Female makes 8 eggs
- Male makes 64 sperm
see slide

27
Q

Products from Brown algae

A
  • ## Algin - product in ice cream to make it smooth and beer to make it foaming
28
Q

Phylum Rhodophyta

A

Red Algae

29
Q

Description of Phylum Rhodophyta

A
  • Multicellular seaweed
  • Filaments or packed into thalli
  • Complex life cycles – 3 generations
  • Chlorophylls a, d, phycobilins
  • Storage product = Floridean starch
  • Agar, Caragheean
30
Q

Phylum Euglenophyta

A

Euglenas

31
Q

Despription of Phylum Euglenophyta

A
  • Elongated unicell with flexible pellicle
  • Food groove
  • Chloroplasts or not
  • One Flagellum has a fringe of hair and the other smaller one has an eyespot
  • Sexual reproduction has never been observed
32
Q

Ecology of Phylum Euglenophyta

A
  • Common in polluted Water
33
Q

Phylum Dynophyta

A

Dinoflagellates

34
Q

Description of Phylum Dynophyta

A
  • Planktonic unicells
  • Covered with cellulose plates
  • Two flagellae
  • Many have chlorophyll a,c; Xanthrophylls
  • Lots of condensed DNA
  • Bioluminescent
35
Q

Ecology of Phylum Dynophyta

A
  • Warm Marine
  • Red tides
36
Q

Phylum Prymnesiophyta

A

Haptophytes (Haptophyta)

37
Q

Description of Phylum Prymnesiophyta

A
  • Small unicells w/ 3 flagellae
  • 3rd flagellum - for food capture
  • Chromophyte pigments: Chlotophyll a, carotenoids, xanthophylls
  • Most covered with calcified plates
38
Q

Ecology of Phylum Prymnesiophyta

A
  • Planktonic Marine
39
Q

Phylum Charophyta

A

Stoneworts

40
Q

Description of Phylum Charophyta

A
  • Slender stalk with whorls of branches
  • Green algal pigments: Chlorophylls a, b, carotenoids
  • Often have calcified surfaces
41
Q

Ecology

A
  • Mostly in lakes and ponds

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