Chapter 3: Plant Cells Flashcards
Plant Cell Size
10-100 micro meters (a few much larger)
Plant Cells Shape
- Immature and Parenchymal cells are spherical
- Mature cells are Faceted, then cylindrical
14 different facets - they will get harder cell walls then elongate
Number of Plant cells
50 million in one leaf
Structures in of Primary Cell Wall
- Pectin
- Cellulose - most abundant polymer on earth
- Hemicellulose - can form cross links, helps bind cell wall together
- Glycoproteins -
- Plasmodesmata
The inside of the cell wall in the newest.
Middle lamella is the farthest out
then primary well
Last Three layers of secondary wall
Structures in the secondary cell wall
- Lignin - makes it waterproof and tough to breakdown
Structures of the plasma Membrane
- Thin
- Double phospholipid layer
Structure of the plant cell nucleus
- Nuclear envelope’s outer later has lots of pores. “Ports” 1/3 of surface area
- Nucleolus is a spherical factory. It’s job it to build ribosomes
- Chromatin - coil up
- Nucleoplasm
Endoplasmic Reticulum
-Rough
-Smooth - lipid secretion takes place
Dictyosomes
- Similar structures with Golgi apparatus
- modify the Glycoproteins
- Make carbohydrates Pack it is vesicles to send out
Plastids
- Double membrane-bound organelle.
- Includes chloroplasts, chromoplasts, Leucoplasts, and Tannosomes
Chloroplasts
- Many large shaped chloroplasts
- Fat coin-shaped structure
- Filled with a liquid called the stroma
- Grana (thylakoids) - looks like a stack of coins. It’s where photosynthesis takes place. Caratenoids are inside
- The enzyme RuBp is coded for in the cholorplast
Chromoplasts
- can form from chloroplasts if they lose chlorophyll
- Carrots
- Red peppers
Leucoplasts
- colorless from a degradation of chloroplast
- there are two types
– Amyloplasts - synthesize and store starch
– Elaioplasts - oil
Tannosomes
- Made from chloroplasts
- Become filled with tannons
- broken pieces of the thylakoid membrane
- form pearlings
- secreted from cell
- injected into central vacuole
What are some plant Microbodies?
- Peroxisomes
- Glyoxisimes
- Lysosomes
- Lipid, fat, oil, wax droplets
Peroxisomes
- contain enzyme that deal with photo respiration in leaves
- hydrogen peroxide is made
Glyoxisomes
- contain enzymes to convert fat (lipids) to carbohydrades
Lysosomes
are not found in plants
Lipids
- traces of liquid and oil found inside
Vacuole
- Tonoplast - vacuole membrane
- Cell sap - liquid inside the vacuole
Cell Sap contents
- Acid
- Dissolved salt
- Sugars
- Water soluble pigments
example anthocyanins in black dahlia - Crystal
Vacuole function
- store cell materials
- push things aside
Cytoskeleton
- Microtubules
- Microfilaments
Microtublues
- just inside the plasma membrane
- direct cellulose to cell wall
- move
Microfilaments
- ## more like a thread
Plant cell cycle
- grows rapidly
- cell division occurs in meristem tissue
Interphase in plants
- G1
- S
- G2
- 90% in interphase
- chromosomes are not condensed
G1 phase
- Growth time or Gap time
- longest phase
- transcripton and translation takes place
- produces the material for the s phase
G2 phase
- mitochondria and plastids divide
- chromosomes start to condense
S phase
- second set of each chromosome
Mitosis
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
Prophase
- Plants don’t have centrioles
Metaphase
- metophase plate
Anaphase
Go towards the two poles
Telophase
- structures called phragmoplasts which are directed by ER
- dictiostomes start building a a cell wall out of pectin
- fuse together until the cell plate divides the two cells
