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Plant Biology > Chapter 3: Plant Cells > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Plant Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

Plant Cell Size

A

10-100 micro meters (a few much larger)

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2
Q

Plant Cells Shape

A
  • Immature and Parenchymal cells are spherical
  • Mature cells are Faceted, then cylindrical
    14 different facets
  • they will get harder cell walls then elongate
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3
Q

Number of Plant cells

A

50 million in one leaf

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4
Q

Structures in of Primary Cell Wall

A
  • Pectin
  • Cellulose - most abundant polymer on earth
  • Hemicellulose - can form cross links, helps bind cell wall together
  • Glycoproteins -
  • Plasmodesmata
    The inside of the cell wall in the newest.

Middle lamella is the farthest out

then primary well

Last Three layers of secondary wall

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5
Q

Structures in the secondary cell wall

A
  • Lignin - makes it waterproof and tough to breakdown
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6
Q

Structures of the plasma Membrane

A
  • Thin
  • Double phospholipid layer
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7
Q

Structure of the plant cell nucleus

A
  • Nuclear envelope’s outer later has lots of pores. “Ports” 1/3 of surface area
  • Nucleolus is a spherical factory. It’s job it to build ribosomes
  • Chromatin - coil up
  • Nucleoplasm
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8
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

-Rough
-Smooth - lipid secretion takes place

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9
Q

Dictyosomes

A
  • Similar structures with Golgi apparatus
  • modify the Glycoproteins
  • Make carbohydrates Pack it is vesicles to send out
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10
Q

Plastids

A
  • Double membrane-bound organelle.
  • Includes chloroplasts, chromoplasts, Leucoplasts, and Tannosomes
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11
Q

Chloroplasts

A
  • Many large shaped chloroplasts
  • Fat coin-shaped structure
  • Filled with a liquid called the stroma
  • Grana (thylakoids) - looks like a stack of coins. It’s where photosynthesis takes place. Caratenoids are inside
  • The enzyme RuBp is coded for in the cholorplast
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12
Q

Chromoplasts

A
  • can form from chloroplasts if they lose chlorophyll
  • Carrots
  • Red peppers
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13
Q

Leucoplasts

A
  • colorless from a degradation of chloroplast
  • there are two types
    – Amyloplasts - synthesize and store starch
    – Elaioplasts - oil
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14
Q

Tannosomes

A
  • Made from chloroplasts
  • Become filled with tannons
  • broken pieces of the thylakoid membrane
  • form pearlings
  • secreted from cell
  • injected into central vacuole
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15
Q

What are some plant Microbodies?

A
  • Peroxisomes
  • Glyoxisimes
  • Lysosomes
  • Lipid, fat, oil, wax droplets
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16
Q

Peroxisomes

A
  • contain enzyme that deal with photo respiration in leaves
  • hydrogen peroxide is made
17
Q

Glyoxisomes

A
  • contain enzymes to convert fat (lipids) to carbohydrades
18
Q

Lysosomes

A

are not found in plants

19
Q

Lipids

A
  • traces of liquid and oil found inside
20
Q

Vacuole

A
  • Tonoplast - vacuole membrane
  • Cell sap - liquid inside the vacuole
21
Q

Cell Sap contents

A
  • Acid
  • Dissolved salt
  • Sugars
  • Water soluble pigments
    example anthocyanins in black dahlia
  • Crystal
22
Q

Vacuole function

A
  • store cell materials
  • push things aside
23
Q

Cytoskeleton

A
  • Microtubules
  • Microfilaments
24
Q

Microtublues

A
  • just inside the plasma membrane
  • direct cellulose to cell wall
  • move
25
Q

Microfilaments

A
  • ## more like a thread
26
Q

Plant cell cycle

A
  • grows rapidly
  • cell division occurs in meristem tissue
27
Q

Interphase in plants

A
  • G1
  • S
  • G2
  • 90% in interphase
  • chromosomes are not condensed
28
Q

G1 phase

A
  • Growth time or Gap time
  • longest phase
  • transcripton and translation takes place
  • produces the material for the s phase
29
Q

G2 phase

A
  • mitochondria and plastids divide
  • chromosomes start to condense
30
Q

S phase

A
  • second set of each chromosome
31
Q

Mitosis

A
  • Prophase
  • Metaphase
  • Anaphase
  • Telophase
32
Q

Prophase

A
  • Plants don’t have centrioles
33
Q

Metaphase

A
  • metophase plate
34
Q

Anaphase

A

Go towards the two poles

35
Q

Telophase

A
  • structures called phragmoplasts which are directed by ER
  • dictiostomes start building a a cell wall out of pectin
  • fuse together until the cell plate divides the two cells

Plant Biology (20 decks)

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