Chapter 7 IQ's Flashcards
society of childhood
kids make up their own social rules that differ from those of adult society (ex. trading lunches at school)
Challenge of middle childhood (according to Freud)
forming emotional bonds with peers and moving beyond those that were developed with parents in earlier years
Why must child develop sense of inferiority rather than industry (according to Erikson)?
if they haven’t achieved the goals their culture has set for kids their age (ie. if a kid hasn’t learned to read/write, they’ll enter adolescence with feelings of inferiority)
what do trait theorists believe?
that traits tell us about the origins of individual differences in emotional responses to experiences
Big 5 personality traits
- Conscientiousness
- Agreeableness
- Neuroticism (emotional instability)
- Openness/Intellect
- Extraversion
extraversion
- active, assertive, enthusiastic, outgoing
- high activity level, sociability, positive emotionality, and talkativeness
agreeableness
- Affectionate, forgiving, generous, kind, sympathetic, trusting
- Perhaps high approach/positive emotionality, effortful control
conscientiousness
- Efficient, organized, prudent, reliable, responsible
- Effortful control/task persistence
neuroticism
- Anxious, self-pitying, tense, touchy, unstable, worrying
- Negative emotionality, irritability
openness/intellect
- Artistic, curious, imaginative, insightful, original, having wide interests
- Approach new situations and people, low inhibition
How might an extraverted child handle peer rejection differently than an introverted child?
Extraverted child becomes more determined to be accepted by the group; introverted child becomes emotionally distraught and would actively avoid social situations in the future
What new aspects of self-concept are understood by the end of middle childhood?
Psychological self and valued self
psychological self
Person’s understanding of his or her enduring psychological characteristics
factors that influence self-efficacy
- Peer models
- Social comparison
- Encouragement from knowledgeable people children value and respect
self-esteem
A global evaluation of one’s self-worth