Chapter 3 IQ's Flashcards
1st trimester (date, events, problems)
- 0-12 weeks
- missed period, breast enlargement, abdominal thickening
- ectopic pregnancy, abnormal urine or blood tests, increased blood pressure, malnutrition, bleeding, miscarriage
2nd trimester (date, events, problems)
- 12-24 weeks
- weight gain, “showing”, fetal movements felt, increased appetite
- gestational diabetes, excessive weight gain, increased blood pressure, Rh incompatibility of mother and fetus, miscarriage (13-20 weeks), premature labour (21+ weeks)
3rd trimester (date, events, problems)
- 25-38 weeks
- weight gain, breast discharge (colostrum)
- increased blood pressure (toxemia), bleeding, premature labour, bladder infection
womb
uterus; where zygote implants
cervix
- narrow, lower portion of uterus that extends into vagina
- thickens and secretes mucus to protect the developing embryo
morning sickness
Feelings of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy that usually occur in the morning, but can occur at any time of day/night
ectopic pregnancy
fertilized egg implants in fallopian tubes instead of uterus - baby won’t survive and zygote must be surgically removed for mother’s safety
spontaneous abortion
an early-term miscarriage similar to a menstrual period, but with greater blood loss and more discomfort
gestational diabetes
baby starts absorbing all the sugar and grows very large, putting a lot of stress on mother, which may send her into early labour. The baby may be born too premature to survive, or the baby may be too large for vaginal delivery
colostrum
substance secreted by women’s breasts in preparation for nursing
toxemia of pregnancy
signalled by a sudden increase in blood pressure that can cause a pregnant woman to have a stroke
2 patterns of growth in developing fetus
- cephalocaudal pattern
- proximodistal pattern
cephalocaudal pattern
- growth that proceeds from the head downward (“top-down”)
- applies to organ development
- ex. brain is formed before reproductive organs
proximodistal pattern
- growth that proceeds from the middle of the body outward (“medial-lateral”)
- applies to bone development
- ex. long arm bones form, then wrist bones, then finger bones
germinal stage (day 1)
- 1st stage of development (part 1)
- conception
- sperm and ovum unite, forming zygote that contains genetic instructions for the development of a new human being
germinal stage (days 10-14)
- 1st stage of development (part 2)
- implantation
- zygote burrows into the lining of the uterus
- specialized cells that will become the placenta, umbilical cord, and embryo are already formed
embryonic stage
- 2nd stage of development
- weeks 3-8
- organogenesis
- all the embryo’s organ systems form during the 6-week period following implantation
fetal stage (also - what’s important at week 12, week 24, week 28, and weeks 30-38?)
- 3rd stage of development
- weeks 9-38
- growth and organ refinement
- week 12: fetus can be identified as male or female
- week 24: viability possible due to changes in brain and lungs (but an additional 14-16 weeks in womb required for optimal development)
- week 28: most neurons form, and connections between them develop shortly after
- week 30-38: fetus can hear, smell, is sensitive to touch, responds to light, and can learn
implantation
attachment of the blastocyst (hollow, fluid-filled ball of cells) to uterine wall
placenta
specialized organ that transfers substances from mother to embryo and back without their blood mixing
umbilical cord
organ that connects embryo to placenta
amnion
fluid-filled sac where the fetus floats until just before it’s born
neurons
specialized cells of the nervous system
gonads
sex glands (ovaries in females, testes in males)
