chapter 7- exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
single trait approach
A
- takes one trait and examines correlations between one trait and many behaviors
2
Q
self monitoring
A
the degree to which our inner and outer selves and behaviors are the same or different across situations
3
Q
Many trait approach
A
- examines correlations between one behavior and many traits
4
Q
California Q set
A
- many trait approach
- 100 personality descriptions
- sort into a forced choice, symmetrical, and normal distribution
- compart characteristics within an individual
5
Q
delay of gratification
A
- denying oneself immediate pleasure for long term gain
- necessary for achieving many important goals
- girls need intelligence
- boys need shy, compliant, and anxious
6
Q
ego control
A
self control or inhibitions
7
Q
ego resilience
A
psychological adjustment
8
Q
drug abuse
A
- can be detected under delay of gratification
- use at age 14 can be predicted by restless, being fidgety, and emotional instability 10 years earlier
9
Q
depression
A
- risk factors for women include overcontrol and being shy and reserved
- risk factors for men include undercontrol and being unsocialized and aggressive
10
Q
essential trait approach
A
- factor analytic approaches to reducing the many to few
- what traits are the most important? which traits actually matter?
- big 5
11
Q
lexical hypothesis
A
if something is truly important and universal, there will be many words for it in all languages
12
Q
implication of big 5
A
- traits are unrelated to each other
- can bring order to many research findings
- more complex than they seems at first
13
Q
typological approach
A
- the study or systematic classification of types that have characteristics or traits in common
- well adjusted
- maladjusted overcontrolling
- maladjusted undercontrolling
- types do not predict behavior beyond what can be predicted with individual trait scores
14
Q
personality development
A
- personality changes over time, including from infancy and childhood to adulthood
- combination of genetic factors and early experience (nature and nurture)
- strong tendency to maintain individual differences throughout life in comparison to others
- stability increases with age
15
Q
Conscientiousness
A
- careful and vigilant about tasks, interested in doing well
- integrity test used to select employees
- predicts job performance
- predicts success in college, SAT and GPA
- predicts longer life expectancy, avoids risks
- positively correlated with years of schooling
- not correlated with intelligence
16
Q
extraversion
A
- social, outgoing, outspoken, dominant, adventurous
- higher status, more popular, physically attractive, positive emotions
- drink more alcohol, high risk of being overweight, mate poaching
- sensitive to rewards
- life outcomes: happy, grateful, long life, healthy, successful relationships
17
Q
agreeableness
A
- conformity, friendly compliance, likeability, warmth
- cooperative and easy to get along with
- smoke less
- women tend to be higher then men
- among children, related to less vulnerability of being bullied
- life outcomes: psychologically well adjusted, healthy heart, dating satisfaction
18
Q
neuroticism
A
- emotional instability, negative emotions
- ineffective problem solving, strong negative reaction to stress
- sensitive to social threats, anxious, and stressed
- negatively correlated with happiness, well-being, and physical health
- general tendency toward psychopathology
- life outcomes: problems with family relationships, dissatisfied with job, criminal behavior
19
Q
openness
A
- to experience
- most controversial trait
- more likely to believe UFOs, astrology, and ghosts
- life outcomes: drug use, artistic interest
