chapter 17 - exam 4

Question 1

declarative knowledge (explicit)

Answer 1

the facts and impressions that we consciously known and can describe

Question 2

procedural knowledge (implicit)

Answer 2

knowledge expressed through actions rather than words

Question 3

declarative self

Answer 3

• all of your conscious knowledge or opinions about your own personality traits
• accurate self knowledge
• hallmark of mental health
• allows people to make better decisions on important issues
• RAM: relevance, availability, detection, utilization

Question 4

procedural self

Answer 4

• patterns of behavior that are typical for you; the unique aspects of what you do; includes ways of doing things or procedures
• not conscious and not possible to explain
• learned by doing and watching others

Question 5

self discrepancy theory

Answer 5

ideal v ought self: the interactions between possible selves and the actual self determine feelings about life

Question 6

self esteem

Answer 6

• your overall opinion about whether you are good or bad, worthy or unworthy, or somewhere in between
• low self esteem in linked to depression
• self esteem can be too high

Question 7

self schema

Answer 7

• all of one’s ideas about the self, organized into a coherent system
• can be assessed with S or B data

Question 8

self reference effect

Answer 8

• the enhancement of long term memory that comes from thinking of how information relates to the self
• explains why your most meaningful memories stay with you the longest

Question 9

self efficacy

Answer 9

• one’s beliefs about the degree to which one will be able to accomplish a goal, if one tries
• set the limits for what we attempt to do
• growth v fixed mindset
• carol dweck believes this may form the foundations of personality

Question 10

behavioral consistency

Answer 10

• expectations for consistency depend on the perceived cause of behavior
• individualistic cultures perceive cause of behavior as internal and expect consistency
• collectivistic cultures perceive cause of behavior to be external and do not expect consistency

Question 11

relational self

Answer 11

patterns of social skills and styles of relating to others

Question 12

relational self schema

Answer 12

self knowledge based on past experiences that direct how we relate to the important people in our lives

Question 13

implicit selves

Answer 13

• self relevant behavioral patterns that are not readily accessible to consciousness
• measured with the implicit association test (IAT) by testing the strength of associations in an individual’s cognitive system that the person might not be conscious of

Question 14

ideal self

Answer 14

• view of what you could be at your best

- discrepancy leads to depression because of disappointment at failing to achieve rewards

Question 15

ought self

Answer 15

• view of what you should be

- discrepancy leads to anxiety because of fear of punishment