chapter 14- exam 3 Flashcards
cross cultural psychology
- research and theorizing that attempt to account for the psychological differences between and within different cultural groups
- increasing international understanding
culture
psychological attributes of groups, including customs, habits, beliefs, and values that shape emotions, behaviors and life patterns
generalizability
- lack of diversity
- most research done on WEIRD countries: westernized, educated, industrialized, rich and democratic
enculturation
culture of origin
acculturation
new culture
etics
the universal components of idea across cultures; idea of duty and marriage
emics
components of ideas that are particular to certain cultures; what one’s actual duty; reason for marriage
dignity
belief that individuals are valuable in their own right and this value does not come from what others think of them
honor
- its important to not appear vulnerable because this could put the person at risk
- high honor is more common when laws and police are weak or nonexistent and people must protect themselves, their families, and their property
face
- high motivation to protect one’s and other’s social image; high respect for authority figures; avoidance of controversy
- high face is more common in societies with stable hierarchies based on cooperation
collectivism
values the needs/rights of the group
individualism
values the needs/rights of the individual
hollistic thinking
explaining events in context and seeking to integrate divergent point of view
- collectivistic
independent thinking
explaining events in isolation and setting divergent points of view against each other
- individualistic
- straight forward, black and white
outgroup homogeneity bias
we think that everyone that is not in our group in the same
bicultural identity integration (BII)
- continuum along which people with cultural backgrounds differ in the extent to which they see themselves
1. as members of a combined joint culture that integrates aspects of both cultures
2. experiencing conflict and stress from having two cultures and being unsure about which one they really belong to
cultural relativism
- idea that all cultural views of reality are equally valid
- means cultures cannot be judged as good or bad
- does not always work
ecology
physical layout and resources of the land, and the distinctive tasks and challenges this culture has face
ecological approach
view that differences exist because different cultures developed in different circumstances with the need to deal with different problems
ethnocentrism
- judging another culture from the point of view of one’s own
- observers need to understand the culture and the assumptions it includes to understand behaviors of people within that culture; this is difficult to do