chapter 14- exam 3

Question 1

cross cultural psychology

Answer 1

• research and theorizing that attempt to account for the psychological differences between and within different cultural groups
• increasing international understanding

Question 2

culture

Answer 2

psychological attributes of groups, including customs, habits, beliefs, and values that shape emotions, behaviors and life patterns

Question 3

generalizability

Answer 3

• lack of diversity

- most research done on WEIRD countries: westernized, educated, industrialized, rich and democratic

Question 4

enculturation

Answer 4

culture of origin

Question 5

acculturation

Answer 5

new culture

Question 6

etics

Answer 6

the universal components of idea across cultures; idea of duty and marriage

Question 7

emics

Answer 7

components of ideas that are particular to certain cultures; what one’s actual duty; reason for marriage

Question 8

dignity

Answer 8

belief that individuals are valuable in their own right and this value does not come from what others think of them

Question 9

honor

Answer 9

• its important to not appear vulnerable because this could put the person at risk
• high honor is more common when laws and police are weak or nonexistent and people must protect themselves, their families, and their property

Question 10

face

Answer 10

• high motivation to protect one’s and other’s social image; high respect for authority figures; avoidance of controversy
• high face is more common in societies with stable hierarchies based on cooperation

Question 11

collectivism

Answer 11

values the needs/rights of the group

Question 12

individualism

Answer 12

values the needs/rights of the individual

Question 13

hollistic thinking

Answer 13

explaining events in context and seeking to integrate divergent point of view
- collectivistic

Question 14

independent thinking

Answer 14

explaining events in isolation and setting divergent points of view against each other

• individualistic
• straight forward, black and white

Question 15

outgroup homogeneity bias

Answer 15

we think that everyone that is not in our group in the same

Question 16

bicultural identity integration (BII)

Answer 16

• continuum along which people with cultural backgrounds differ in the extent to which they see themselves
  1. as members of a combined joint culture that integrates aspects of both cultures
  2. experiencing conflict and stress from having two cultures and being unsure about which one they really belong to

Question 17

cultural relativism

Answer 17

• idea that all cultural views of reality are equally valid
• means cultures cannot be judged as good or bad
• does not always work

Question 18

ecology

Answer 18

physical layout and resources of the land, and the distinctive tasks and challenges this culture has face

Question 19

ecological approach

Answer 19

view that differences exist because different cultures developed in different circumstances with the need to deal with different problems

Question 20

ethnocentrism

Answer 20

• judging another culture from the point of view of one’s own
• observers need to understand the culture and the assumptions it includes to understand behaviors of people within that culture; this is difficult to do