chapter 11- exam 3

Question 1

defense mechanisms

Answer 1

• techniques the ego uses to keep certain thoughts and impulses hidden in order to avoid or lessen anxiety
• not used conciously

Question 2

psychic conflict

Answer 2

• anxiety
• things we want vs those that are possible vs those that are morally right
• compromise formation
• we usually do not know what is causing the anxiety

Question 3

realistic anxiety

Answer 3

• morality, relationships, performance, career aspirations, threats to self esteem

Question 4

terror management theory

Answer 4

many of our thought processes and motivations are based on an effort to deal with the fact that we will die

Question 5

denial

Answer 5

• refusal to acknowledge, or failure to see, a source of anxiety
• common and effective in the short run or as a way to deal with initial shock
• can lead to lack of contact with reality
• blames failures on external circumstances or other people

Question 6

repression

Answer 6

• banishing the past from present awareness; more complex, farther reaching, and longer lasting than denial
• the stronger the anxiety would be if something were remembered, the more things are repressed
• can cause depression if the ego runs out of energy

Question 7

reaction formation

Answer 7

• suggesting the opposite of forbidden thoughts, feelings, and impulses
• common with especially strong sources of anxiety
• usually illogically strong and out of proportion

Question 8

projection

Answer 8

attribution to someone else a thought or impulses that is feared in oneself

Question 9

rationalization

Answer 9

• creating a rational reason for doing something that would otherwise cause shame
• perhaps the most common defense mechanism

Question 10

trivialization

Answer 10

convincing yourself that your shortcoming or regrettable actions dont matter

Question 11

cognitive dissonance

Answer 11

• a tension between what we think and what we do
• try to change our though process or behavior
• try to change someone else’s thought about the situation
• turning the knob experiment

Question 12

intellectualization

Answer 12

• turning an anxiety-provoking feeling into a thought that is cool, abstract, and analytical
• common in warfare and medicine
• useful when reality is horrifying or too painful to deal with
• problematic if reality is not dealt with approporately

Question 13

displacement

Answer 13

• replacing one object of emotion with another
• the other object is a safer target and usually resembles the real target
• can be a problem if the necessary direct action in not taken or if the target is vicimized

Question 14

sublimation

Answer 14

• forbidden impulses are transformed into constructive behavior or socially acceptable action
• occupational choice
• a positive process
• humor
  * a forbidden impulse is vented or expressed in a controlled manner

Question 15

parapraxis

Answer 15

• leakages from the unconscious mind that manifest as mistakes, accidents, omissions, or memory lapses
  
  • Freudian slips
• from belief in psychic determinism
• forgetting

Question 16

sexism

Answer 16

• criticism of psychoanalysis
• males are considered to be the norm
• females are considered as aberrations or deviations from the male model
• Freud though females has less self esteem, creativity, and morality than males, and spend most of their lives coming to terms with not being male (penis envy)