chapter 12- exam 3

Question 1

neo-freudian psychology

Answer 1

• theorists and researchers who were influenced by freud
• less emphasis on and reinterpretation of the libido as a general motivation behind life and creativity
• less emphasis on unconscious mental processes and more on conscious thought
• less emphasis on instinctual drives and mental life as the source of psychological difficulties and more on interpersonal realtionships

Question 2

ego psychology

Answer 2

less emphasis on unconscious mental processes and more on conscious thought

Question 3

inferiority complex

Answer 3

• alfred adler
• social interest
• organ inferiority

Question 4

social interest

Answer 4

the desire to relate positively and productively with other people

Question 5

organ inferiority

Answer 5

the ideas that individuals are motivated to attain equality with our superiority over other people to compensate for what they felt in childhood was their weakest aspect

• masculine protest
• helps explain universal needs for power and achievement
  * style of life

Question 6

collective unconscious

Answer 6

• carl jung

- memories and ideas that all humans share, most of which reside in the unconscious, in the form of basic image

Question 7

archetypes and persona

Answer 7

• core ideas of how people think about the world, both consciously and unconsciously
  * mother earth, hero, devil
  * appear in dreams, fantasies, mythology and modern literature

Question 8

persona

Answer 8

the social mask one wears in public

• everyone’s persona is false to some degree
  
  • shallowness could be a danger

Question 9

anima and animus

Answer 9

• masculine and feminine within us

- shape our responses to the opposite sex

Question 10

Jung’s MBTI- ways of thinking

Answer 10

• rational, feelings, sensing, and intuiting

- people vary in which way predominates but having a balance is best

Question 11

Horney’s feminine psychology and basic anxiety

Answer 11

• karen horney
• disagreed with penis envy and women’s desire to be male
  * more due to lack of power/control in society
  * womb envy

Question 12

basic anxiety

Answer 12

• fear of being alone and helpless in a hostile world

- neurotic needs: needs that people feel but that are neither realistic nor truly desirable

Question 13

object relations theory

Answer 13

• Klein and Winnicott
• objects represent emotionally important people
• the analysis of interpersonal relationships
  
  • we relate to others via the images of them in our minds
  • the images do not always match reality and this causes problems

Question 14

purpose of object relations therapy

Answer 14

• minimize discrepancies between true and false selves
• help the rational resources of the mind work through irrational defenses
• help the client see important people in their life the way the actually are, as whole individuals, good and bad

Question 15

transitional object

Answer 15

• used to bridge gap between private fantasy and reality

- the false self: used to please others

Question 16

attachment theory

Answer 16

• john bowlby
  
  • saw attachment as the basis of love
    * based on evolutionary theory
• mary ainsworth
  * developed the strange situation task to test attachment theory
  - child is briefly separated from and the reunited with the mother
  - look at reaction to mother leaving and returning

Question 17

secure attachment

Answer 17

• 65%
• greets mother happily when she returns
• easily soothed, actively explore environment
• confident faith in themselves and their caregivers
• adult characteristics: positive attitude toward relationships, easy to get close to others, long stable relationships

Question 18

anxious ambivalent attachment

Answer 18

• 1/3
• vigilant about mother’s presence and become upset when she leaves
• caregivers are inconsistent
• adult characteristic: preoccupied, clingy, obsessed, worry that partners dont love them, jealous

Question 19

avoidant attachment

Answer 19

• 20%
• not distressed when mother leaves and ignores her when she returns
• caregivers reject attempts for contact and reassurance
• adult characteristics: dismissive, angry, distant, uncomfortable being close

Question 20

disorganized attachment

Answer 20

children inconsistently reacts to caregiver’s departure and return

Question 21

basic trust v mistrust

Answer 21

• 0 to 2 years
• learn whether needs will be met, ignored, or overindulged
• development of hope and confidence

Question 22

autonomy v shame and doubt

Answer 22

• 3 to 4 years

- figuring out who is in charge

Question 23

initiative v guilt

Answer 23

• 4 to 7 years
• anticipating and fantasizing about life as an adult
• develop a sense of right and wrong, seen as the beginning of adult morality

Question 24

industry v inferiority

Answer 24

• 8 to 12 years
• develop skills and abilities to succeed in the world of work and contributing to society
• must begin to control imagination and unfocused energy

Question 25

identity v identity confusion

Answer 25

• adolescence
• figure out who i am and what is important
• choose consistent, meaningful, and useful values and goals

Question 26

intimacy v despair

Answer 26

• young adulthood

- find an intimate life parter

Question 27

generativity v stagnation

Answer 27

• middle age

- turn concerns to the next generation or become passive

Question 28

integrity v despair

Answer 28

• old age
• brought on by prospective death
• based on feelings about one’s life

Question 29

five neo-freudian positions

Answer 29

1. much of mental life is unconscious
2. the mind does many things at once and can be in conflict with itself
3. events of childhood shape adult personality, especially in styles of social relationships
4. relationships formed with significant other people establish patterns that are repeated
5. psychological development involves moving from an unregulated, immature, and self centered state to a more regulated, mature state in which relationships become increasingly important