chapter 7 changes under bolshevik party 18-24 WAR COMMUNISM + NEP Flashcards
what is war communism
why, 4 reasons
1918,
= method of controlling the economy
why?
- peasants werent giving food they got but kept lands they were given, lenin said no
- too many food shortages
- policy followed central control party stucture
- needde it to fund red army
what sis it entail?
ration
private trading
factories
why lead to
inflation?
- Rationing of food to counter food shortages
- Private trading was banned so peasants couldnt sell surplus food for profits, INSTEAD GIVE TO GOVERNMENT . If didn’t give, Cheka and requisition squads would take BY FORCE , as they often didnt = even more food shortages
- Factories with MORE THEN 10 WORKERS NATIONALSIED . THEREFORE Lenin had all factories and decided what to be produced in each industry , everything placed in hands of sovnarkom
- Because food being taken inflation went up and money became valueless so currency with real goods and BARTER rather then currency.
why was it unpopular?
how did peasants react
what lenin did and what peasants do back
what else did they take and what did it lead to
how mny died and production
1) it was flawed and RESENTED BY PEASANTS. AS IT LEAD TO WIDESPRED STRAVATIOn (peasansts wouldt hand grain and shortages were worse, also less for them). PEASTSNT RESPONDED BY GOWIRNG LESS CROP AND LESS ANAIMALS, SO LESS AGRICULTURAL OUPTU .
- LENIN. Sent requisitioning squads , peasants protested and burnt their crop.
- Lenin targeted kulaks instead (rich peasants ). said these were tight fisted dons
- Also took next year’s crops= BIG FAMINE, 7 million peasants and workers died
- All support won over peasants for the decree in land , gone in war communism
- Production in everything dropped , grain by 50% +
what was the kronstadt mutiny reaction to war communism?
THESE were the sailors that were extremely loyal to him and protested for the bolsheviks during the first revolution. yet they rebelled in Krondstadt saying bolsheviks taking power AWAY from the soviets…
what did the kronstadt mutiny want?
- 1) new elections because bad soviets dont represent what they want.
2) freedom of speech and press
3) assembly ,trade unions
4) political prisoners to socialist parties set free
- 1) new elections because bad soviets dont represent what they want.
essentially the inital february revoltuion lmao
how did the bolsheviks respond
why
how, how many died what happened
what did it mean
why was it flash that lit up reality…
lenin wanted no opposition but this came as huge shock to him- his loyal dons against him?
Bolsheviks responded by using red army in three weeks to shut down protest, 60k troops killed 20k men, thrown in Gulag executed.
-The end of the mutiny meant end of revolution for any other opponents, which what Lenin wanted..
,
-HOWEVER THIS WOKE LENIN UP, RELISNF THE WAR COMMUNISM NOT GONNA WORK AND SO NEEDED NEP.
“flash that lit up reality”
when NEP introdouced? why
what was the main idea behind it and why did it anger
march 1921 due to unpopularity of war communism shown in kronstadt mutiny
– It was apparent peasants had to be persuaded for producing food INSTEAD OF STEALING IT, so capitalist ideas had to be introduced and some communists annoyed at this like trotsky
- would give some breathing space at last after like 8 years at war
what were the key features of the NEP
peasants
fatctories
electro
money and trade?
- 1) peasant give fixed amount of grain to government , but the surplus supplies could be sold for profits.
2) More food produced, less tax paid for peasant.
3) factories fewer 20 given back to workers and could do anything for profit
4) ELECTOFICATION OF RUSSIA LENIN BELIEVED WAS KEY TO ECONMIC GORWTH. AFTER 1921 MANY POWER STATIONS BUILT
5) ENCOURAGED TRADE WITH FOREIGN COUNTIES, like Britain where oil for wheat trades often happened.
6) money of new rouble was back ad people could use it .
what were reactions to NEP
bolshevik congress> whythey gave in
what returned causing more bruh
- Betrayal to October revolution
- However Kronstadt mutiny persuaded the tenth party congress to go ahead as
- Realised party could split so supported Lenin, as long as he kep his word for it being temporary
- Class seemed to return but also more production output. Believed to be a step back before step forward… BY LENIN
- also despised because gambling, drunkenness etc all returned
what were the effects of the NEP then
immediate in towns etc
WHO WERE nepmen
peasant, why gassed, and how team up with nepmen
- MUCH Better . Food to go around. Shops café restaurants opened. Cereal production, industrial activity, increase
- Nepmen came . These were men who particularly benefited, bringing produce from farms to markets in cities by trains and selling them, and workshops jails etc to cities. These made up 75% of all retail, and mae a lot of money, 25k nepmen in moscow alone
- Peasants benefited, kulaks became rich, but they could farm and sell using nepmen as go between and make money again. no interference by government etc
how did outputs increase
industrial output rose by 200% in 1920 ti 23
similalry 1921 to 25 harvest doubled, and electricity x5
what were big shortcomings of the NEP
why debates more
what trotsky desscribe it as
- why (nep +capitlsim + corruption)
- what was scissor crisis caused by NEP, how fixed
-when lenin died 1923, smoke as debate became fiercer
Trotsky said first sign of “degeneration of Bolshevism”
- Nepmen apparently new class, kulaks, retailers, manufacturers. Capitalism back, greed and selfish ness returned to Russia. Ideals of OCTOBER REBOLTUON GONE with this, so people were really despising as they WORKED for communism only for it to be snatched before them
- ENCOURAGED CORRUPTION . prostitution, crime etc all returned and flourished, and since governments got taxes from these areas, weerent stopped
- 1923 so much food that prices dropped, but industrial stilk rose because of short supply. TROTSKY CALLED THIS THE SCISSOR CRISIS. He compared the economic problem
of the pRice of widening gap between agricultural and economic group to widening sicsisors, mak8gn peasants reluctant to bunting industrial goods. However eventually prices came back down…
