chapter 13 life in the union

Question 1

positives of living conitions in towns

Answer 1

good
- free health sevice, holidays with pay, insurance scheme against accidents , women got employment easy

• rare unemployment= unike britain with depression su had constnat need for work
• leisure= sport exercise encouraged for health , trade unions gave clubs farms and entertainemnt

Question 2

negatives of living conditions in towns

Answer 2

• difficult to cope with increasing population
  =roads, water supply and transport couldnt cope
• some places had no sewage or even stret lights
• OVERCROWDING = urban pop = 29 mili to 40 mili in 4 years
  = impossible to build enough houses for millions of peasants who flooded into towns etc
• lived in overcorded buildings , no bathrooms etc

Question 3

countryside good

Answer 3

• collectivisation= mechanisation= easier for peasnts to do work
• scientists introduced who invented efficent ways of farming
• peasnats given houses to join kolkhozs and seeds to to start own farms

2)- some had shcools hospitals too, literacy rate imporved for peasants who woudl ntot otherwise had this chance

Question 4

countryside bad conditipns

Answer 4

1) - many resnted collecitviatio= thought revolution gave them more land “peace land and bread”, but intead had to GIVE up land and everything they owned to be collective
- stalin had to confiscate land due to amount of resentment being built up

2) those who stayed there couldnt leave to cities as werent given passports= bound to farm just like serfs pre tsar
- MTS controlled by NKVD could keep watch over, taking their independence away too
3) churches closed, and food shortages too

Question 5

what did stalin do in terms of different social groups, party, peasnt and town workers

Answer 5

• intoduced a ladder system where anyone could climb ranks to become high ranking communist party offical, worked as kruschev and brezhnev came up like this
  2) peasants moved to towns to find work and more better life as start of collectivisation was lit just exploitation of an entire class
  3) town workers encouraged to get better jobs like in management, 1.5 million did. at same time rapids increase of pop in towns due to industrtialisation lead to worse conditions , but also no UNE

Question 6

women

rights
divorce and abortion controled
employment?

Answer 6

• 1) thought women as equal, tried to give them rights but male chauvinism too much and bolshevik party idnt always practice what it preached, made creches and nurseries but abandanoed after too espensive so women couldnt ever work real;y
  2) divorce controlled by paying money to families kept together , abortion retsricted so children werent made homeless and on their own
  3) employment for women became bettyer, but married life were expected to be domestic too meade this hard. creches opened to allow eomen to work and children recieved free schooling

Question 7

women political position

when did zhenotdel end

Answer 7

notdel by kollontai was there, and was encouraged to take part n party by like monitoring factries and reporting back but only 12.8#% was.

• but 1930 zhenotdel abolished after deemed all women conditon solved and future would be done by men
• trotsky tried to help saying life needed to be looked throug eye s of women
• but bolshvik party remained male dominated and no further opportunites ever came for women

Question 8

did he like nationalists even though himself was one?

what did he want and what did he do

Answer 8

• revolution stated each nationality had right to education in its own language , but stalin wanted unified russia
• he himslef from georgia but didnt care, did russification from tsars liked it
• didnt trust national groups and enforced even more russifiaction
• often discriminated against

Question 9

what did he do to many nationists

Answer 9

• any nationailsts were gulaged or purged
  here they were deported elsewhere from their native land

here 12.5 million died as a result of transportation

Question 10

ukraine

Answer 10

• received huge famine 32-33
• wanted to cut
• stalin purged every ukrainien intellects so they couldnt do separation ,
• 5000 killed and blamed them for revolution , but lies

Question 11

ethnic cleansing

Answer 11

finnish latvian estonian deported from leningrad, and others from other borders

Question 12

korean

Answer 12

• entire korean community got deported , 170k, 1936 by NKVD .
  moved to uzbekistan and kazakistan on grounds that japanese spies bred from there