chapter 1 ish Flashcards
what 4 groups were against the tsar
social democratic party
socialist revolutionaries
octobrists cadets (constituional democratic party)
social democratic party
what was the differenc ebetween mensheviks and bolsheviks
- Founded in 1901
- Based off teachings of German Karl Marx. Believed workers would rise as a revolution and remove the tsar and establish a communist state
- In 1903 party split into two groups- bolsheviks and Mensheviks.
- Mensheviks lead by Julius Martov and trotsky and prepared to take things more slowly and allow the revolution to come the way Marx predicted it… (so like from the countryside peasants to revolt slowly)
- Bolsheviks lead by lenin, and a small elite should organise the revolution. They believed the proletariat should rush the revolution and it should happen in the urban areas rather then waiting for it to happen in countryside
socialist evolutionaries?
Socialist revolutionaries
SRS lead by Alexander Kerensky. Founded in 1901 but believed in revolution of the peasants to overthrow the tsar. Party was split between them wanting as werent sure wheter to use terror or calm techniques to achieve this, and before 1917 there were a few terrorist activity that lead to DEATHS KF GIVENMENT OFFICALS.
Octobrirsts
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Founded in October 1905, after the October manifesto of the 1905 revolution. Led by Alexander GUCHKOV, and believed the tsar would Cary out his reforms in manifesto, represented the middle class (who were the TSARISTS)
how did russia get into ww1
Because Franz Ferdinand assassinated in Serbia sarejevo in 1914, Austria Hungary declared war in Serbia, and Germany too, Russia being the protector of Serbia declared war on these two nations- causing ww1.
why did russia enter the first world war with great expectations if success?
what were kniwn as
how many casuialties by the endish
what were two big defeats
- no doubt the size of Russia army huge, “russian steamroller” , and they thought they would cruise through war. But by the end of 1916, Russia suffered defeat after defeat , 1 million casualties . THIS LEAD TO EVEN MORE DISCONTENT FOR THE GOVERNMENT.
Two disasters were Masurkas lakes and tannenberg .
What were reasons for defeats?
Things like poor leadership by generals
- the introduction of the tsar leading the war in September 1915, which made no difference and instead shattered peoples images of him as a string person,
- bad communication that kept getting intercepted and telegraph orders getting lost,
- and bad infrastructure such as supplies not reaching front line due to poor trains, not enough industry ,
- and lack of supplies so soldiers had no boots and had to wait for a soldier to die before taking their gun…
what ere miliary effects due to the war
- Entusiasm declined for Nationaism and war.
=Morale of soldiers dropped and lost respect for officers who seemed uncaring, and DESERTSION often happened.
- There was violent resistance to conscription and general discontent all over Russia, such as women lying down on rails to stop the moving in Azerbaijani.
what were the economic and social effects of the war
- Inflation increases, seven price rises. Less food produced because of shortage of labour and horses as people had to go to war, and less horse mean less food production in land.
- Industry hit with lack of workers, transport with materials and food. Shortage of consumer goods and resources. even when things were being produced they didnt reach creating mass discontent( such as ark angel sinking?)
- Lead to unemployment and misery, workers focre to work longer hours
- Bad transport lead to more hardships
- 1917 they lost eastern front war, and worse winter hit.
what were the political effects of war
- Weakened position if tsar because he took command and all falliere blamed on him. meanwhile he Left alakexandra with Rasputin who keep making changes- incompetent. She German too people dislike her. and now rasputin the ruler brav
- All of these changes meant food and everything weren’t organised at all- really bad, as no one to take control
- War became worse, tsar image of little father SHATTERED, as blamed him for war and leaving the country in the hands of a mad monk of rasputon
thus what happened to rasputin
- Nobility decided enough enough. Prince Yuspov tried to convince tasirian to dismss, she didnt isten, so tried to poising , didn’t work, shot and drown.
December 1916
