chapter 10 cult of stalin, propaganda censhorip etc Flashcards
whar is the cult of stalin
where the leader of a totalitarian state is glorified to almost god like being . stalin did this using propaganda he learnt while being editor of pravada
what was apart of the cult
what names given to him
what was done
what he became
1) Soviet citizens to become war are of his greatness at all times. Names everyhwere, Songs streets cities m ‘man if steel’, shining sun of humanity’. “The boss”
- created image of himself to be caring leader and genius who has understanding of communism that no one else does.
- Parades in red square Moscow , songs etc
- Arktists were instructed to produce work favoured Stalin now
- he became ‘UNIVERSAL GENIUS’, where his policies wpuld redfine socialism the stalin way
what history did he change propaganda wise
doctpring
inclusion
1) rewrote things like the bolshevik revolution to no longer include things like ‘trotsky’ part in
2) Photographs doctored to remove kamanev zinoviev and trotsky bukharin from everything
- Fake pictures with Lenin encouraged cult of Lenin but more focussed in him as he was placedin these pictures, and art was made to show his involvement here
control over writiers
what was made to counter potential writing
1) Writers dangerous because they could criticise him, wo everything was CENSORED, so if counter party line = gulags
2) Union of soviet writers 1932 to control content of work to ensure t promoted OFFICIAL CULTURE AND ACT AS PROPAGANDA
how was media controlled
- little knowledge of outside world
- where two nespapers, pravda= truth and izvestiya which meant news. but because of high censorships people joked there was no joke and there was no truth in these
- eveything was heavily censored
- foreign radios were jammed
what was socialist realism
what was main idea here
what happened to art and music
what movie was particulalry effective
how could this nantionailsm help
- Idea that everything had to be about socialism and the struggle of the proletariat
- Everything adapted for them, no abstract art or music they wouldn’t understand, meaning chnages in music culture couldnt be reflectd in the soviet union in 20th century
- Shows communism and optimistic messsages
- statues built everywhere and all aspects of culture show how happy and success of communism and hard working etc
- Patriotism helped nation ist in the face of the war, Eisenstein r movie on Alexander nevsky portrayed patriotism in front of Germans and was HIGHLY EFFECTIVE
help for upcoming wars to build patriotism and nationalism again
how did religion change
why was he against religion
what done to priests decline
churches
what two groups introdouced]
muslims and jews
- Religion threatened cult of Stalin as it offered other god who was more powerful and knowing then Stalin- not possible
- Therefore Stalin imroisoned chritsian leaders 1920s, 60k Priests which wen to 6k in 1941
- Church converted to museums
- Church bells melted for industrialisation
- 60k places of worships closed down and people worhsipped in secret
- “League of militant atheists “ “society of godless” set up promoting anti religion propaganda, atheism’s promoted in schools
- Mosques and Muslims closed, prohibited from going Mecca, Islam’s law and Arabic writing banned, encouraged to unveil
- Jewish schools Hebrew, synagogues banned
- No churches allowed to be built
althought these measures, what happened later
what did this mean he was technically doing
thenmin ww2? why?
cuz 1937 50 million still had religious beliefs, some churches were allowed
- by allowing this he could say freedom of CONSCIENCE act was being followed
- then in 1941 when the war broke out he allowed religious belief again in order to get unity in the nation so they could fight against germany
what changes enner made to education
what was brought back and why
what was focus on and what did children have to based on purges
what was the main shift in eductaion and why
1932!!!
-changes didnt work before, so discipline brought back, and exams too
Stalin’s version of history
- Book on revolution and communism where he was way more involved
-focus on propaganda on these children
- red specialists replaced teachers when teachers were not communist party members
- as more and more old bolsheviks got purged, then more and more sticking of paper over faces in textbooks
2)
- Education changed to technical and scientific skills that would be needed for the 5 year plans
- High amount of engineers doctors etc produced
- because stalin didnt want to rely on foreign specialists
how many people were now literate
1939 = 86% rural now
what happened to youth groups
- 8 to 10 = octobrist0
- 10 to 16 young pioneers
- 16 to 28 Komsomol (future communist membership)
still taught communism and socialism ideals and were next gen
what was the new constitution of 1936
why
what was it ( two things now)
what stalin said about it and what were is features
where did true power lie tho
- Convince outside world it was a free country- but nothing really changed now did it
- Supreme soviet formed made of societ union and soviet of nationalities, this to include non russian republics basically
- Stalin labelled it most democratic in the world
- Had secret ballots elections every 4 years, candidates had to be approved by communist party, guaranteed civil liberties etc. also everyone above 18 allowed to vote
- BUT was only allowed if communist allowed, as stated
- Stil communist party only one to be allowed to exist, so sometimes candidates were announced even before voting counted
Party members had to be chosen in the communist party, and her central comitee and the politburo were das wichtigste dinge
