Chapter 7: Carbohydrates

Question 1

What is the current RDA for carbohydrates for adults?

Answer 1

130 grams

Question 2

Which health benefit is attributed to soluble fiber?

Answer 2

Reduced risk for cardiovascular disease by binding to cholesterol particles

Question 3

In which part of the body does carbohydrate digestion begin?

Answer 3

It begins in the mouth with salivary amylase.

Question 4

Which polysaccharide is digested fastest?

Answer 4

Amylopectin

Question 5

Which sweetener is not considered a mono- or disaccharide and is extracted from chicory root?

Answer 5

Inulin

Question 6

What is the vein that transports blood from the spleen, stomach, pancreas, and the intestinal tract to the liver?

Answer 6

Hepatic portal vein

Question 7

The United States consumes more sugar than any other country in the world. From the options provided, what food category represents the largest source of sugar intake in the U.S. diet?

Answer 7

Beverages

Question 8

Because of the catabolic nature of exercise, insulin release is largely suppressed during an exercise bout. How does glucose, consumed during a workout, then enter the cell?

Answer 8

The body relies on non-insulin mediated glucose uptake

Question 9

What is the current daily fiber intake recommendation for women in the U.S.?

Answer 9

28 grams of fiber per daily

Question 10

When would the body undergo the process of gluconeogenesis?

Answer 10

During periods of inadequate carbohydrate intake, the body can produce glucose from certain non-carbohydrate sources like amino acids.

Question 11

Which sugar units are combined to form a glycogen molecule?

Answer 11

Glucose

Question 12

How much glycogen can the adult liver store?

Answer 12

75-125g (300-500kcal)

Question 13

Which two monosaccharides combine to make sucrose?

Answer 13

Glucose and fructose

Question 14

During exercise, stored molecules of carbohydrates are broken down to glucose to serve as a fuel. What term defines the breakdown of stored glycogen?

Answer 14

Glycogenolysis

Question 15

Which two monosaccharides combine to make lactose?

Answer 15

Glucose and galactose

Question 16

What term is defined as the combined effect of both a carbohydrate’s glycemic index (GI) score and the amount of that carbohydrate consumed?

Answer 16

Glycemic Load

Question 17

What are the current estimated daily intakes of fiber for men and women in the U.S.?

Answer 17

18 grams for men; 15 grams for women

Question 18

What is the current daily fiber intake recommendation for men in the U.S.?

Answer 18

35 grams of fiber daily

Question 19

What glycemic score ranks a carbohydrate food as a low GI food?

Answer 19

GI score under 55

Question 20

What glycemic score ranks a carbohydrate food as a medium GI food?

Answer 20

GI score between 56 and 69

Question 21

The acidic chyme leaving the stomach must be neutralized before any digestion can occur in the small intestine. What compound neutralizes this chyme?

Answer 21

Sodium bicarbonate

Question 22

What is the molecular structure for glucose?

Answer 22

C6H12O6

Question 23

What disease associated with large intakes of fructose in inactive people has recently gained more attention as a health concern?

Answer 23

Non-alcoholic liver disease

Question 24

How many sugar units are contained in oligosaccharides?

Answer 24

3-10 sugar units

Question 25

What glycemic score ranks a carbohydrate food as a high GI food?

Answer 25

GI score over 69

Question 26

What is the recommended amount of added sugar suggested by the American Heart Association for American adult women?

Answer 26

A limit of 6 added teaspoons

Question 27

How many sugar units are contained in oligosaccharides?

Answer 27

3-10 sugar units

Question 28

According to the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), how many calories from added sugar are recommended for men on a daily basis?

Answer 28

A limit of 150 calories

Question 29

What is the second priority for ingested carbohydrates in the human body once immediate fuel needs have been met?

Answer 29

Replenish depleted glycogen stores in the liver and muscles.

Question 30

Which sugar units are combined to form a glycogen molecule?

Answer 30

Glucose