Chapter 7: Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is the current RDA for carbohydrates for adults?
130 grams
Which health benefit is attributed to soluble fiber?
Reduced risk for cardiovascular disease by binding to cholesterol particles
In which part of the body does carbohydrate digestion begin?
It begins in the mouth with salivary amylase.
Which polysaccharide is digested fastest?
Amylopectin
Which sweetener is not considered a mono- or disaccharide and is extracted from chicory root?
Inulin
What is the vein that transports blood from the spleen, stomach, pancreas, and the intestinal tract to the liver?
Hepatic portal vein
The United States consumes more sugar than any other country in the world. From the options provided, what food category represents the largest source of sugar intake in the U.S. diet?
Beverages
Because of the catabolic nature of exercise, insulin release is largely suppressed during an exercise bout. How does glucose, consumed during a workout, then enter the cell?
The body relies on non-insulin mediated glucose uptake
What is the current daily fiber intake recommendation for women in the U.S.?
28 grams of fiber per daily
When would the body undergo the process of gluconeogenesis?
During periods of inadequate carbohydrate intake, the body can produce glucose from certain non-carbohydrate sources like amino acids.
Which sugar units are combined to form a glycogen molecule?
Glucose
How much glycogen can the adult liver store?
75-125g (300-500kcal)
Which two monosaccharides combine to make sucrose?
Glucose and fructose
During exercise, stored molecules of carbohydrates are broken down to glucose to serve as a fuel. What term defines the breakdown of stored glycogen?
Glycogenolysis
Which two monosaccharides combine to make lactose?
Glucose and galactose
What term is defined as the combined effect of both a carbohydrate’s glycemic index (GI) score and the amount of that carbohydrate consumed?
Glycemic Load
What are the current estimated daily intakes of fiber for men and women in the U.S.?
18 grams for men; 15 grams for women
What is the current daily fiber intake recommendation for men in the U.S.?
35 grams of fiber daily
What glycemic score ranks a carbohydrate food as a low GI food?
GI score under 55
What glycemic score ranks a carbohydrate food as a medium GI food?
GI score between 56 and 69
The acidic chyme leaving the stomach must be neutralized before any digestion can occur in the small intestine. What compound neutralizes this chyme?
Sodium bicarbonate
What is the molecular structure for glucose?
C6H12O6
What disease associated with large intakes of fructose in inactive people has recently gained more attention as a health concern?
Non-alcoholic liver disease
How many sugar units are contained in oligosaccharides?
3-10 sugar units
What glycemic score ranks a carbohydrate food as a high GI food?
GI score over 69
What is the recommended amount of added sugar suggested by the American Heart Association for American adult women?
A limit of 6 added teaspoons
How many sugar units are contained in oligosaccharides?
3-10 sugar units
According to the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), how many calories from added sugar are recommended for men on a daily basis?
A limit of 150 calories
What is the second priority for ingested carbohydrates in the human body once immediate fuel needs have been met?
Replenish depleted glycogen stores in the liver and muscles.
Which sugar units are combined to form a glycogen molecule?
Glucose
