Chapter 3: Evidence-Based Nutrition and Practice Flashcards
Which of the following represents a strength of observational studies?
Large subject numbers
Scientists gather 20 studies looking at the relationship between protein intake and lean body mass, and then they statistically analyze them together as a group. What type of study is this?
Meta-analysis
“I tried this diet and lost 30 lbs.” What type of evidence is this?
Anecdote
Scientists perform a study tracking 10,000 people over a 10-year period. They look at their sugar intake at the beginning of the study and then see who develops diabetes over the study duration. Which term best describes this study?
Cohort study
Which term refers to a hypothesis or set of hypotheses for which a large body of high quality evidence has been accumulated?
Theory
Which of the following is an example of descriptive research?
Survey
Which term encompasses the weight of the scientific evidence, field observations, and individual client needs?
Evidence-based practice
Which of the following represents the lowest level of evidence?
Non-peer reviewed media
A scientist proposes that sugar is inherently fattening, independent of its calorie content. If that proposal is true, then that would mean that high-sugar diets should increase fat gain independent of their calorie content. What term describes this potential consequence?
Prediction
Which observational study design allows scientists to hypothesize a potential causal association?
Cohort study
A scientist hypothesizes that a supplement will increase resistance training performance. A study is carried out, and the results do not support the hypothesis. Multiple studies by independent labs also fail to support the hypothesis. What is the appropriate response regarding the hypothesis?
The predictions have been falsified and the hypothesis is discarded.
A scientist proposes that sugar is inherently fattening, and performs a study comparing a high-sugar diet to a low-sugar diet with equal calories. He finds that fat gain was the same between the diets. Which term describes how this study effects the initial proposal?
Falsification
Which statement best describes science?
It is the use of evidence to construct explanations and predictions of natural phenomena.
Scientists perform a study looking at the effects of caffeine on vertical jump performance. On one day, they give all the subjects caffeine followed by vertical jump tests. Two weeks later, they give all the subjects a placebo followed by the same vertical jump tests. Which term best describes this study design?
Crossover
Fructose has been shown in studies to have adverse effects on blood triglycerides when consumed in excess of calorie needs. However, moderate doses of fructose have been shown to have no effect. Which of the following items best describes the conclusion that should be drawn from this data?
Fructose intake poses no risk to triglycerides when consumed within energy needs, but caution is warranted if calorie intake is high.