Chapter 5: Energy Balance and Metabolism Flashcards
The first law of thermodynamics is also referred to as which of the following?
The law of conservation of energy
What foods tend to have a higher thermic response than others?
High-protein foods
Between 1969/1971 and 1999/2001, global food consumption per person has risen by how much?
Approximately 400 kcal per person per day
The basic energy need of an average human being is approximately how many calories?
2000
Which is one of the key features that distinguishes life from non-life?
Metabolism
Worldwide, activity levels (including occupational work, home/domestic work, leisure and exercise, and physical activity) are doing which of the following?
Declining
A deficiency in which hormone is associated with an increased fat mass (central adiposity in particular), reduced insulin sensitivity, and impaired glucose tolerance?
Testosterone
The storage form of glucose is know as which of the following?
Glycogen
Which hormone is referred to as the hunger hormone because it stimulates appetite, increases food intake, and promotes fat storage?
Ghrelin
What is the end-result of inadequate rest?
Reduced RMR
ATP consists of an adenosine molecule bonded to how many phosphate groups?
Three
Which category includes glucose (sugar), starches, and non-digestible cellulose?
Carbohydrates
Most cells utilize which of the following as their primary source of energy during intense activity?
Glucose
A metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids is referred to as which of the following?
Gluconeogensis
What is the process of generating energy from the food we eat?
Metabolism
Which of the following is best defined as the energy accounted for during everyday activities?
Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)
What are shorter sleep cycles associated with?
Weight gain
During the first few seconds of exercise, regardless of intensity, what system is primarily utilized?
ATP-PC system
What percent of daily energy expenditure is accounted for by the process of consuming food?
10%
Which of the following is best described as the energy consumed for fuel to support and maintain normal body functions like temperature regulation?
Resting metabolic rate (RMR)
Resting metabolic rate, or RMR, declines by what percentage per decade for men?
1 to 2%
Which organ produces and releases insulin?
Pancreas
To which of the following is one metabolic equivalent (MET) equal?
3.5 ml O2/kg/min
What is the autoimmune disorder that leads to damage in the small intestine when gluten products are consumed?
Celiac disease
