Chapter 5: Energy Balance and Metabolism

Question 1

The first law of thermodynamics is also referred to as which of the following?

Answer 1

The law of conservation of energy

Question 2

What foods tend to have a higher thermic response than others?

Answer 2

High-protein foods

Question 3

Between 1969/1971 and 1999/2001, global food consumption per person has risen by how much?

Answer 3

Approximately 400 kcal per person per day

Question 4

The basic energy need of an average human being is approximately how many calories?

Answer 4

2000

Question 5

Which is one of the key features that distinguishes life from non-life?

Answer 5

Metabolism

Question 6

Worldwide, activity levels (including occupational work, home/domestic work, leisure and exercise, and physical activity) are doing which of the following?

Answer 6

Declining

Question 7

A deficiency in which hormone is associated with an increased fat mass (central adiposity in particular), reduced insulin sensitivity, and impaired glucose tolerance?

Answer 7

Testosterone

Question 8

The storage form of glucose is know as which of the following?

Answer 8

Glycogen

Question 9

Which hormone is referred to as the hunger hormone because it stimulates appetite, increases food intake, and promotes fat storage?

Answer 9

Ghrelin

Question 10

What is the end-result of inadequate rest?

Answer 10

Reduced RMR

Question 11

ATP consists of an adenosine molecule bonded to how many phosphate groups?

Answer 11

Three

Question 12

Which category includes glucose (sugar), starches, and non-digestible cellulose?

Answer 12

Carbohydrates

Question 13

Most cells utilize which of the following as their primary source of energy during intense activity?

Answer 13

Glucose

Question 14

A metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids is referred to as which of the following?

Answer 14

Gluconeogensis

Question 15

What is the process of generating energy from the food we eat?

Answer 15

Metabolism

Question 16

Which of the following is best defined as the energy accounted for during everyday activities?

Answer 16

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

Question 17

What are shorter sleep cycles associated with?

Answer 17

Weight gain

Question 18

During the first few seconds of exercise, regardless of intensity, what system is primarily utilized?

Answer 18

ATP-PC system

Question 19

What percent of daily energy expenditure is accounted for by the process of consuming food?

Answer 19

10%

Question 20

Which of the following is best described as the energy consumed for fuel to support and maintain normal body functions like temperature regulation?

Answer 20

Resting metabolic rate (RMR)

Question 21

Resting metabolic rate, or RMR, declines by what percentage per decade for men?

Answer 21

1 to 2%

Question 22

Which organ produces and releases insulin?

Answer 22

Pancreas

Question 23

To which of the following is one metabolic equivalent (MET) equal?

Answer 23

3.5 ml O2/kg/min

Question 24

What is the autoimmune disorder that leads to damage in the small intestine when gluten products are consumed?

Answer 24

Celiac disease

Question 25

Calories (energy) in versus calories (energy) out is an example of what principle?

Answer 25

The first law of thermodynamics

Question 26

Energy utilized for immediate work is known as which of the following?

Answer 26

Kinetic

Question 27

Energy expended during walking at work, typing, walking to and from meetings, and fidgeting is referred to as which of the following?

Answer 27

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)