B Vitamins

Question 1

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

Answer 1

Commonly referred to as thiamine, is critical in the metabolism of sugar and amino acids as well as central nervous system function.

Question 2

Describe Beriberi

Answer 2

A condition of thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency that affects either the cardiovascular system, the nervous system, or both.

Question 3

Describe Wernicke Encephalopathy

Answer 3

A disease of the brain that is the direct result of thiamine deficiency – It causes confusion and makes people uncoordinated.

Question 4

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

Answer 4

Critical in the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats

Question 5

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

Answer 5

Shares many similarities with vitamin B2 in that it is critical in the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fat.

Question 6

Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid)

Answer 6

A component to co-enzyme A (CoA) – CoA serves as a molecular link between glycolysis and the Kreb’s cycle.

Question 7

Vitamin B6

Answer 7

Represents a class of several related, but different molecules, each of which are important for optimal health.

Question 8

Vitamin B7 (Formerly Vitamin H)

Answer 8

A cofactor in many carboxylase enzymes, which are responsible for transferring carbon dioxide molecules and the metabolism of carbohydrates, fatty acids, cholesterol, and amino acids

Question 9

Vitamin B12

Answer 9

The largest of the B-complex vitamins, comes in many forms, and contains a heavy metal/mineral in its molecular structure, specifically cobalt. Vitamin B12 is involved in many different metabolic processes, including DNA synthesis, red blood cell production, and in maintaining proper neurological function

Question 10

Folate (Folic Acid)

Answer 10

Commonly used name for vitamin B9, helps regulate single-carbon transfers, both accepting and donating single carbons to chemical reactions.

Question 11

Vitamin C

Answer 11

Referred to as ascorbic acid, Vitamin C is one of the more robust vitamins. It plays myriad roles in the human body..

Question 12

Scurvy

Answer 12

Disease caused by Vitamin C deficiency

Question 13

Choline

Answer 13

Deficiencies in vitamin C can lead to diseases such as scurvy as well as less-serious conditions such as dry skin. Plays many important roles, but the two main roles of choline are to aid in providing structure for cell membranes and as a critical molecule for the production of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

Question 14

What are the 5 principles that, if followed, can help an individual maintain adequate micronutrient status for the full spectrum of water-soluble vitamins?

Answer 14

1. Animal meats or animal by-products such as dairy or eggs
2. Green, leafy vegetables and other bright-colored vegetables
3. A variety of nuts and seeds
4. Micronutrient-rich grains and legumes
5. Enriched or fortified grains or oils in moderate quantities