Chapter 22: Nutrition Hot Topics And Controversies Flashcards
What is the reason that most studies researching the health effects of fructose are not relevant?
They use unrealistic doses of fructose.
Switching from conventional to organic produce significantly reduces biomarkers of pesticide exposure in as little as how many days?
5–7 days
Gluten increases intestinal permeability by interacting with which one of the following molecules?
Zonulin
The greatest concern of consumers of organic foods is the perception that organic foods are which of the following?
Healthy
Which of the following is produced in the greatest quantity during fructose metabolism?
Glucose
The link between nonnutritive sweeteners and obesity in observational research can be explained by which of the following?
Reverse causality
What is an example of a direct risk of GMO consumption?
Expression of allergenic proteins
Toxins and toxicants accumulate in humans primarily within which of the following?
Fat
What method of pest control is used least in organic agriculture?
Use of pesticides
Most clients will obtain their information about GMOs from the internet, television, radio, and which of the following?
Friends and family
The average dose of fructose used during controlled trials was greater than the intake of what percentile of Americans?
95%
What is the primary difference between conventional and organic agriculture?
Pesticide use
Nonnutritive sweeteners may be associated with weight gain because of what psychological phenomenon?
Brain activation patterns
High-fructose corn syrup usually contains what percentage of fructose?
55–65%
Organic meat and milk, compared to conventional, contains significantly greater concentrations of what nutrient?
Omega-3 fatty acids
Along with blood pressure, which of the following may be beneficially affected by calorie-equated exchange for fructose when compared to other carbohydrates?
Glycemic control
Wheat allergy is best described as which of the following?
Allergic reaction
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity is best described as which of the following?
Food sensitivity
The average dose of fructose used during controlled trials was greater than the intake of what percentile of Americans?
95%
Which answer most appropriately describes the effect of consuming nonnutritive sweeteners on appetite and food intake?
Insulin sensitivity
Which of the following is produced in the lowest quantity during fructose metabolism?
Fatty acids
How many nonnutritive sweeteners have been approved for use by the FDA?
8
Grass-fed or grass-finished cattle are different from organic cattle primarily because of which of the following reasons?
Organic cattle eat grains during the end of their life.
Compared to other carbohydrates, calorie-equated exchange for fructose affects which of the following?
Glycemic control
Wheat allergy is best described as which of the following?
Gluten intolerance
Increased translocation of microbial products through the intestinal barrier, an immune response toward lipopolysaccharides, and increased intestinal permeabiity all play a roll in the symptoms of which of the following?
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity
Gluten increases intestinal permeability by interacting with which one of the following molecules?
Zonulin
Celiac disease is best described as which of the following?
Autoimmune condition
