Chapter 10: Micronutrients Flashcards
Fat Soluble Vitamins
A compound or molecule that can be dissolved into fat.
Ex.) Vitamins A, D, E, and K
Choline is the primary molecule used to make what neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
In which of the following key processes is chromium involved?
Insulin signaling
What medical therapy is used to remove metals from the body, specifically things like iron, mercury, arsenic, and/or lead?
Chelation
What percent of magnesium in the human body is found in bone tissue?
60%
What is the common name for vitamin B2?
Riboflavin
What percent of children under the age of 5 have vitamin A deficiency worldwide?
33%
What elemental metal is present in vitamin B12?
Cobalt
What percent of the body is made of calcium?
1-2%
What percent of the body is made of calcium?
1-2%
What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of iodine for adults (men and non-pregnant or lactating women > 18 years of age)?
150 μg/day
Iron deficiency is the primary cause of which of the following conditions?
Anemia
What is the result of extended periods of high doses of fluoride?
Damage to bones
Deficiencies in vitamin B1 lead to which of the following?
Beriberi
Deficiencies in vitamin E can lead to which of the following?
Slurred speech
Pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine are all molecules of which vitamin?
Vitamin B6
What percent of athletes have been found to have inadequate levels of vitamin D?
54%
What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of vitamin A for adult males ( > 18 years of age)?
900 μg/day
What differentiates macro- and micronutrients?
The quantity in which they are needed in the diet.
What blood process does vitamin K help directly control?
Blood clotting
What family of compounds are the vitamin K1 compounds called?
Phylloquinones
What is the group of compounds that make up the vitamin A family called?
Retinoids
What is the normal range of calcium in the blood?
8.4-9.5 mg/dL
In what process does selenium play a critical role?
Antioxidant system
What is the normal range for the extracellular concentration of sodium?
136 to 151 millimolar
Deficiencies in vitamin C can lead to which of the following?
Scurvy
Vitamin C deficiencies occur in what percentage of the population of the United States?
7%
What percent increased requirement do long distance runners have for iron compared to non-runners?
70%
What is the recommended serving amount of fruit per day based on USDA Guidelines?
4
What is the recommended serving amount of fruit per day based on USDA Guidelines?
4
What is the intracellular-to-extracellular ratio of potassium?
30:1
