Chapter 7 Flashcards
Name 3 functions of blood
- Transporting oxygen and nutrients to all cells of the body
- Carbon dioxide and other waste products away from the cells
- Maintaining body temperature
What is blood made up of
Plasma, Red blood cells, White blood cells and platelets
What are red blood cells and what is another name for them
Erythrocytes contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen
What are white blood cells and what is another name for them
Leucocytes and they protect our body from disease
Platelets
Also called thrombocytes, block damage of wounds causing a clot to form
Oxyhaemoglobin
A loose combination of oxygen and haemoglobin
Where is does oxygen co,nine with haemoglobin
Where the oxygen concentration is high. Occurs in the capillaries in lungs
Why do red blood cells transport oxygen
They contain haemoglobin, have no nucleus so there is more room for haemoglobin and they are shaped like biconcave discs which increases surface area
How is carbon dioxide carried in blood
7-8% is dissolved in plasma and carried in solution
22% combines with haemoglobin to form carbaminohaemoglobin
70% is carried in plasma as bicarbonate ions
What is the cardiac muscle
Muscle that forms the wall of the heart
What is the pericardium
Membrane that completely encloses the heart
What make up the blood vessels
Arteries, Veins and capillaries
What are the 4 characteristics of the artery
Thick, carry blood away from heart, high blood pressure and oxygenated blood
What are the 5 characteristics of veins
Thin, carries blood towards heart, low blood pressure, deoxygenated blood and have veins to prevent backflow
What are the 2 characteristics of capillaries
Very thin (one cell), blood flows from artery to vein
What is the blood circulation pathway within the body
Right atrium —> tricuspid valve —> Right Ventricle —> Pulmonary Artery —> The Lungs —> Pulmonary Vein —> Left Atrium —> mitral valve —> Left Ventricle —> Aorta —> Body tissues —> Superior/inferior vena cava
Cardiac cycle
The cycle of events that occur In one complex heart beat
What is systole
The pumping phase of the cycle, when the muscle contracts
What is diastole
The filling phase, as the heart muscle relaxes
Heart rate
Number of times the heart beast per minute
Stroke volume
Volume of blood. Forced from a ventricle of the heart with each contraction
How to work out cardiac output
Cardiac output (mL/min) = Stroke volume (mL) x heart rate (beats/min)
Vasoconstriction
The contraction of the muscle in the artery wall to reduce the diameter of the artery and therefore reduce blood flow to an organ
Vasodilation
The relaxing of the muscle in the artery wall to increase blood flow to an organ
Vasodilator
A substance that produces a local widening or dilation of blood vessels
What is fibrin
An insoluble protein in the form of threads. Form blood clots by holding blood cells, platelets and plasma together in a mesh
Clot retraction
Contraction of the fibrous threads of a blood clot
What is the main function of the lymphatic system
To collect some of the fluid that escapes from the blood capillaries and return it to the circulatory system. Important part of the body’s internal defense against disease
What does the lymphatic system consist of
A network of lymph capillaries and lymph nodes
What is lymph
Colourless fluid that circulates through the lymphatic vessels to be returned to blood
what type of cells are found in lymph nodes
Lymphocytes, Macrophages and Plasma cells
What is a lymph node
Bean shaped structure found on lymphatic vessels, involved in protection against infection
What is a lymphocyte
A type of white blood cell that work on bacterial and viral infections (B and T cells)
What is a macrophage
Cleans body of microscopic wastes and invaders
What is a neutrophil
Move around the body in the blood and seek out foreign materials
What are the three different types of white blood cells
Neutrophils, Macrophages and lymphocytes
What are phagocytic cells
Cells that are able to engulf and digest microorganisms and cell debris
Phagocytosis
The process by which a cell surrounds, and takes in solid particles
What is the ABO blood group system
A system of classifying blood types according to the antigens on the red blood cell
What is white blood
blood in the form it was in when taken from a donor, but with a chemical added to prevent clotting
What are red cell concentrates
A component of blood used in transfusion.
What are platelet concentrates
Given to patients who have abnormal number of platelets
What are cryoprecipitates
Blood product used in transfusion, produced by freezing the plasma and thawing it slowly
What are immunoglobulins
A group of proteins (antibodies)
what are Rh blood groups
Rh antigens are said to be Rh +, a person wiythout these antigens are Rh -,
