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Human Bio YR 11 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name 3 functions of blood

A
  1. Transporting oxygen and nutrients to all cells of the body
  2. Carbon dioxide and other waste products away from the cells
  3. Maintaining body temperature
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2
Q

What is blood made up of

A

Plasma, Red blood cells, White blood cells and platelets

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3
Q

What are red blood cells and what is another name for them

A

Erythrocytes contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen

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4
Q

What are white blood cells and what is another name for them

A

Leucocytes and they protect our body from disease

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5
Q

Platelets

A

Also called thrombocytes, block damage of wounds causing a clot to form

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6
Q

Oxyhaemoglobin

A

A loose combination of oxygen and haemoglobin

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7
Q

Where is does oxygen co,nine with haemoglobin

A

Where the oxygen concentration is high. Occurs in the capillaries in lungs

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8
Q

Why do red blood cells transport oxygen

A

They contain haemoglobin, have no nucleus so there is more room for haemoglobin and they are shaped like biconcave discs which increases surface area

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9
Q

How is carbon dioxide carried in blood

A

7-8% is dissolved in plasma and carried in solution
22% combines with haemoglobin to form carbaminohaemoglobin
70% is carried in plasma as bicarbonate ions

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10
Q

What is the cardiac muscle

A

Muscle that forms the wall of the heart

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11
Q

What is the pericardium

A

Membrane that completely encloses the heart

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12
Q

What make up the blood vessels

A

Arteries, Veins and capillaries

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13
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of the artery

A

Thick, carry blood away from heart, high blood pressure and oxygenated blood

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14
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of veins

A

Thin, carries blood towards heart, low blood pressure, deoxygenated blood and have veins to prevent backflow

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15
Q

What are the 2 characteristics of capillaries

A

Very thin (one cell), blood flows from artery to vein

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16
Q

What is the blood circulation pathway within the body

A

Right atrium —> tricuspid valve —> Right Ventricle —> Pulmonary Artery —> The Lungs —> Pulmonary Vein —> Left Atrium —> mitral valve —> Left Ventricle —> Aorta —> Body tissues —> Superior/inferior vena cava

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17
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

The cycle of events that occur In one complex heart beat

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18
Q

What is systole

A

The pumping phase of the cycle, when the muscle contracts

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19
Q

What is diastole

A

The filling phase, as the heart muscle relaxes

20
Q

Heart rate

A

Number of times the heart beast per minute

21
Q

Stroke volume

A

Volume of blood. Forced from a ventricle of the heart with each contraction

22
Q

How to work out cardiac output

A

Cardiac output (mL/min) = Stroke volume (mL) x heart rate (beats/min)

23
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

The contraction of the muscle in the artery wall to reduce the diameter of the artery and therefore reduce blood flow to an organ

24
Q

Vasodilation

A

The relaxing of the muscle in the artery wall to increase blood flow to an organ

25
Q

Vasodilator

A

A substance that produces a local widening or dilation of blood vessels

26
Q

What is fibrin

A

An insoluble protein in the form of threads. Form blood clots by holding blood cells, platelets and plasma together in a mesh

27
Q

Clot retraction

A

Contraction of the fibrous threads of a blood clot

28
Q

What is the main function of the lymphatic system

A

To collect some of the fluid that escapes from the blood capillaries and return it to the circulatory system. Important part of the body’s internal defense against disease

29
Q

What does the lymphatic system consist of

A

A network of lymph capillaries and lymph nodes

30
Q

What is lymph

A

Colourless fluid that circulates through the lymphatic vessels to be returned to blood

31
Q

what type of cells are found in lymph nodes

A

Lymphocytes, Macrophages and Plasma cells

32
Q

What is a lymph node

A

Bean shaped structure found on lymphatic vessels, involved in protection against infection

33
Q

What is a lymphocyte

A

A type of white blood cell that work on bacterial and viral infections (B and T cells)

34
Q

What is a macrophage

A

Cleans body of microscopic wastes and invaders

35
Q

What is a neutrophil

A

Move around the body in the blood and seek out foreign materials

36
Q

What are the three different types of white blood cells

A

Neutrophils, Macrophages and lymphocytes

37
Q

What are phagocytic cells

A

Cells that are able to engulf and digest microorganisms and cell debris

38
Q

Phagocytosis

A

The process by which a cell surrounds, and takes in solid particles

39
Q

What is the ABO blood group system

A

A system of classifying blood types according to the antigens on the red blood cell

40
Q

What is white blood

A

blood in the form it was in when taken from a donor, but with a chemical added to prevent clotting

41
Q

What are red cell concentrates

A

A component of blood used in transfusion.

42
Q

What are platelet concentrates

A

Given to patients who have abnormal number of platelets

43
Q

What are cryoprecipitates

A

Blood product used in transfusion, produced by freezing the plasma and thawing it slowly

44
Q

What are immunoglobulins

A

A group of proteins (antibodies)

45
Q

what are Rh blood groups

A

Rh antigens are said to be Rh +, a person wiythout these antigens are Rh -,

Human Bio YR 11 (15 decks)

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