Chapter 1 & 2

Question 1

Define human biological science

Answer 1

The scientific study of humans, both as individuals and populations, and the study of the interaction between humans and their environments

Question 2

Define objectivity

Answer 2

Not allowing your thoughts or feelings to influence how you record or interpret observations

Question 3

What is a hypothesis

Answer 3

Idea or explanation you test through study and experimentation

Question 4

What is classification

Answer 4

Grouping of organisms into categories on the basis of relationships between them

Question 5

How can we ensure objectivity in an experiment

Answer 5

Make observations by measurement rather than by simply recording things like the appearance of an organism or smell of a solution

Question 6

What is validity

Answer 6

The extent to which an experiment tests what it is supposed to test

Question 7

What is reliability

Answer 7

The extent to which an experiment gives the same results each time it is performed

Question 8

What is repetition

Answer 8

Performing the same experiment many times

Question 9

How to work out the mean of a group of measurements

Answer 9

Add up all measurements then divide by the total number of measurements

Question 10

What is the process of the scientific method

Answer 10

Identify a problem, collect info, make hypothesis, test hypothesis, collect data, conclude

Question 11

Define scientific method

Answer 11

The Systematic Collection and classification of data, and the making and testing of hypotheses based on the data

Question 12

what must a good hypothesis include

Answer 12

Must be a definite statement (not a question), is short, is a single idea, can be tested and links two variables

Question 13

how can we achieve repetition

Answer 13

Doing the same experiment many times or having a large sample size

Question 14

What are the three different types of error

Answer 14

Human, random and systematic error

Question 15

What is human error

Answer 15

Simply a mistake. Not apart of experimental error and are easily avoidable. Eg, wrong calculations, spilling something

Question 16

What is a fair test

Answer 16

When an experiment involves an experimental group and an appropriate control group to ensure only one variable is allowed to differ

Question 17

What is a random error

Answer 17

Unpredictable errors that occur due to the fact that no measurement can be made with absolute precision. Eg stopping a stopwatch exactly when someone finishes a race

Question 18

What is a systematic error

Answer 18

Occur because of the way in which an sperimentale is designed. A measurement will alway be too high or too low.

Question 19

What are ethics

Answer 19

A set off moral principles or values

Question 20

What is ethical behaviour

Answer 20

Behaviour that conforms to moral principles or values

Question 21

What are the five principles an investigation must satisfy in order to be ethically sound

Answer 21

Voluntary Participation (not be pressured into taking part)
Informed consent (fully informed of objectives, procedures, risks. consent given in writing after info)
risk of harm (possibility of harm minimised
confidentiality (identity will not be revealed, except to those directly involved in study)
anonymity (Participants remain anonymous, even to the researchers)

Question 22

What is a placebo

Answer 22

An inactive substance that looks like the real medication. Used in medical experiments

Question 23

What is the placebo effect

Answer 23

A change or improvement in patients who are given a placebo

Question 24

What is a blind experiment

Answer 24

Where the subjects do not know whether they are receiving the placebo or actual treatment

Question 25

What is a double blind experiment

Answer 25

When neither the researcher or subjects know who is receiving the placebo or treatment. This prevents bias

Question 26

What is a scientific model

Answer 26

A simplified representation of a complex idea or process