Chapter 18 Flashcards
what is the foetal period
from the ninth week to birth
What are the time periods for the three trimesters
1st trimester (3 months) 2nd trimester (4-6 months) 3rd trimester (7-9 months)
what occurs during the 3rd month
Forelimbs well developed, eyelids closed, blood cells formed, sex distinguishable
what occurs during the 4th month
Arms + head fully shaped, skeleton completed, exercising of muscles
what occurs during the 5th month
Fine hairs cover body, gripping reflexes, increased growth
what occurs during the 6th month
Respiratory movements, digestive glands function, tooth buds evident, eyebrows + eyelashes
what occurs during the 7th month
Period of greatest growth, all systems functional except respiratory
what occurs during the 8th month
Accumulation of fat beneath skin, growth slowed
what occurs during the 9th month
Eyes open, nose formed, sucking + grasping, fine hair shed
what changes occur in the pregnant mother and what causes them
- Abdomen bulges (due to growth of uterus and organs pushed up and out)
- Enlargement of breasts (due to prolactin which is production of milk secreting tissue)
- Increase size of heart + blood volume
- Changes in mood
what are the 8 types of technologies available for foetal diagnosis
2 show image, others analysis of chromosomes
- Ultrasound
- Amniocentesis
- Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)
- Blood test
- Fetoscopy
- Foetal Blood sampling
- Biochemical analysis
- DNA probes
What is an ultrasound
The use of inaudible, high frequency sound waves that produce image of foetus to show internal anatomy. Malformations of brain, head, limbs + spine detected
what is amniocentesis
A small amount of amniotic fluid is removed and examined for defects of foetus. Produces karyotype.
what causes infertility
Physical factors: blocked tubes, tumours, cervix too acidic
Problems with ovulation: solved by hormones to stimulate
what are the 5 treatments for infertility
IVF (test tube baby), GIFT, Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, Freezing embryos, Surrogacy
