Chapter 5 & 6

Question 1

what are the four structural levels of the body

Answer 1

The cell (specialised to carry out different functions)
Tissue (groups of muscle cells make up muscle tissue)
Organs (two or more tissues)
System (group of organs)

Question 2

what is tissue

Answer 2

A group of cells that are similar in structure and that work together to carry out a particular task.

Question 3

what are the four basic types of tissue

Answer 3

Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue and nervous tissue

Question 4

what is epithelial tissue

Answer 4

covering or lining tissue, forms outer part of the skin and lines hollow organs. joined closely together

Question 5

name 5 organs that are covered in epithelial tissue

Answer 5

Heart, Kidneys, Intestines, Liver and Lungs

Question 6

what is connective tissue

Answer 6

provides support for the body and helps to hold all the body parts together. cells are not close together

Question 7

what is matrix

Answer 7

non cellular material between cells of a tissue

Question 8

what are 5 examples of connective tissue

Answer 8

bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, fat storage tissue

Question 9

what is muscular tissue

Answer 9

Respond to stimulus by contracting and are long and thin.

Question 10

what is skeletal muscle

Answer 10

muscle that is striated and under voluntary control, is attached to bones

Question 11

examples of muscular tissue

Answer 11

Iris, Hear muscle, walls of stomach, skeletal muscle

Question 12

what is nervous tissue

Answer 12

tissue made up of nerve cells

Question 13

where is nervous tissue found

Answer 13

Brain, spinal cord and the nerves

Question 14

what is metabolism

Answer 14

all the chemical reactions occurring in a living organism. two main parts, anabolism and catabolism

Question 15

what is catabolism

Answer 15

Chemical reactions that break down large organic compounds into smaller ones. releases energy

Question 16

what is anabolism

Answer 16

process of combining small molecules to make larger ones. requires energy

Question 17

what are monosaccharides

Answer 17

simple sugars (glucose, fructose)

Question 18

what are Disaccharides

Answer 18

two simple sugars joined together (Sucrose, Lactose)

Question 19

what are Polysaccharides

Answer 19

large numbers of simple sugars joined together (glycogen, starch)

Question 20

three different types of carbohydrates

Answer 20

monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides

Question 21

what are enzymes

Answer 21

organic substance that increases the speed of chemical changes without being altered in the change

Question 22

what is a substrate

Answer 22

the molecules on which an enzyme acts

Question 23

what is an active site

Answer 23

the part of the enzyme molecules that combines with the substrate

Question 24

what is the enzyme substrate complex

Answer 24

when the enzyme and substrate are combined

Question 25

name three factors that influence the activity of enzymes

Answer 25

temperature, pH, presence of co factors

Question 26

what is a co factor

Answer 26

ions or inorganic molecules that must change the shape of the active site so that the enzyme can combine with the substrate

Question 27

what are enzyme inhibitors

Answer 27

a substance that slows or stops enzyme activity

Question 28

what is anaerobic respiration

Answer 28

when a glucose molecule is broken down into pyruvic acid no oxygen is required. This allows cells to produce some energy without oxygen

Question 29

what is aerobic respiration

Answer 29

the complete breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and water. requires oxygen and occurs in the mitochondria

Question 30

what is the krebs cycle

Answer 30

series of reactions that occur in the mitochondria during aerobic respiration

Question 31

what is the electron transport system

Answer 31

chemical reactions where energy from carrier molecules is transferred to ATP for storage

Question 32

draw a cycle of anaerobic and aerobic respiration

Answer 32

1 glucose --(glycolysis)--> 2 ATP + 2 Pyruvic acid (if no oxygen --> 2 lactic acid) if oxygen --> 36 ATP + 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 33

what are the six groups of nutrients

Answer 33

water, carbs, lipids, proteins, minerals and vitamins