Chapter 5 & 6 Flashcards
what are the four structural levels of the body
The cell (specialised to carry out different functions)
Tissue (groups of muscle cells make up muscle tissue)
Organs (two or more tissues)
System (group of organs)
what is tissue
A group of cells that are similar in structure and that work together to carry out a particular task.
what are the four basic types of tissue
Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue and nervous tissue
what is epithelial tissue
covering or lining tissue, forms outer part of the skin and lines hollow organs. joined closely together
name 5 organs that are covered in epithelial tissue
Heart, Kidneys, Intestines, Liver and Lungs
what is connective tissue
provides support for the body and helps to hold all the body parts together. cells are not close together
what is matrix
non cellular material between cells of a tissue
what are 5 examples of connective tissue
bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, fat storage tissue
what is muscular tissue
Respond to stimulus by contracting and are long and thin.
what is skeletal muscle
muscle that is striated and under voluntary control, is attached to bones
examples of muscular tissue
Iris, Hear muscle, walls of stomach, skeletal muscle
what is nervous tissue
tissue made up of nerve cells
where is nervous tissue found
Brain, spinal cord and the nerves
what is metabolism
all the chemical reactions occurring in a living organism. two main parts, anabolism and catabolism
what is catabolism
Chemical reactions that break down large organic compounds into smaller ones. releases energy
what is anabolism
process of combining small molecules to make larger ones. requires energy
what are monosaccharides
simple sugars (glucose, fructose)
what are Disaccharides
two simple sugars joined together (Sucrose, Lactose)
what are Polysaccharides
large numbers of simple sugars joined together (glycogen, starch)
three different types of carbohydrates
monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides
what are enzymes
organic substance that increases the speed of chemical changes without being altered in the change
what is a substrate
the molecules on which an enzyme acts
what is an active site
the part of the enzyme molecules that combines with the substrate
what is the enzyme substrate complex
when the enzyme and substrate are combined
name three factors that influence the activity of enzymes
temperature, pH, presence of co factors
what is a co factor
ions or inorganic molecules that must change the shape of the active site so that the enzyme can combine with the substrate
what are enzyme inhibitors
a substance that slows or stops enzyme activity
what is anaerobic respiration
when a glucose molecule is broken down into pyruvic acid no oxygen is required. This allows cells to produce some energy without oxygen
what is aerobic respiration
the complete breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and water. requires oxygen and occurs in the mitochondria
what is the krebs cycle
series of reactions that occur in the mitochondria during aerobic respiration
what is the electron transport system
chemical reactions where energy from carrier molecules is transferred to ATP for storage
draw a cycle of anaerobic and aerobic respiration
1 glucose –(glycolysis)–> 2 ATP + 2 Pyruvic acid (if no oxygen –> 2 lactic acid) if oxygen –> 36 ATP + 6CO2 + 6H2O
what are the six groups of nutrients
water, carbs, lipids, proteins, minerals and vitamins
