Chapter 5 & 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the four structural levels of the body

A

The cell (specialised to carry out different functions)
Tissue (groups of muscle cells make up muscle tissue)
Organs (two or more tissues)
System (group of organs)

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2
Q

what is tissue

A

A group of cells that are similar in structure and that work together to carry out a particular task.

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3
Q

what are the four basic types of tissue

A

Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue and nervous tissue

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4
Q

what is epithelial tissue

A

covering or lining tissue, forms outer part of the skin and lines hollow organs. joined closely together

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5
Q

name 5 organs that are covered in epithelial tissue

A

Heart, Kidneys, Intestines, Liver and Lungs

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6
Q

what is connective tissue

A

provides support for the body and helps to hold all the body parts together. cells are not close together

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7
Q

what is matrix

A

non cellular material between cells of a tissue

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8
Q

what are 5 examples of connective tissue

A

bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, fat storage tissue

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9
Q

what is muscular tissue

A

Respond to stimulus by contracting and are long and thin.

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10
Q

what is skeletal muscle

A

muscle that is striated and under voluntary control, is attached to bones

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11
Q

examples of muscular tissue

A

Iris, Hear muscle, walls of stomach, skeletal muscle

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12
Q

what is nervous tissue

A

tissue made up of nerve cells

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13
Q

where is nervous tissue found

A

Brain, spinal cord and the nerves

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14
Q

what is metabolism

A

all the chemical reactions occurring in a living organism. two main parts, anabolism and catabolism

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15
Q

what is catabolism

A

Chemical reactions that break down large organic compounds into smaller ones. releases energy

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16
Q

what is anabolism

A

process of combining small molecules to make larger ones. requires energy

17
Q

what are monosaccharides

A

simple sugars (glucose, fructose)

18
Q

what are Disaccharides

A

two simple sugars joined together (Sucrose, Lactose)

19
Q

what are Polysaccharides

A

large numbers of simple sugars joined together (glycogen, starch)

20
Q

three different types of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides

21
Q

what are enzymes

A

organic substance that increases the speed of chemical changes without being altered in the change

22
Q

what is a substrate

A

the molecules on which an enzyme acts

23
Q

what is an active site

A

the part of the enzyme molecules that combines with the substrate

24
Q

what is the enzyme substrate complex

A

when the enzyme and substrate are combined

25
Q

name three factors that influence the activity of enzymes

A

temperature, pH, presence of co factors

26
Q

what is a co factor

A

ions or inorganic molecules that must change the shape of the active site so that the enzyme can combine with the substrate

27
Q

what are enzyme inhibitors

A

a substance that slows or stops enzyme activity

28
Q

what is anaerobic respiration

A

when a glucose molecule is broken down into pyruvic acid no oxygen is required. This allows cells to produce some energy without oxygen

29
Q

what is aerobic respiration

A

the complete breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and water. requires oxygen and occurs in the mitochondria

30
Q

what is the krebs cycle

A

series of reactions that occur in the mitochondria during aerobic respiration

31
Q

what is the electron transport system

A

chemical reactions where energy from carrier molecules is transferred to ATP for storage

32
Q

draw a cycle of anaerobic and aerobic respiration

A

1 glucose –(glycolysis)–> 2 ATP + 2 Pyruvic acid (if no oxygen –> 2 lactic acid) if oxygen –> 36 ATP + 6CO2 + 6H2O

33
Q

what are the six groups of nutrients

A

water, carbs, lipids, proteins, minerals and vitamins