Chapter 7 Flashcards
The division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative property, power, and prestige; applies to both nations and to people within a nation, society or other group.
Social stratification
A form of social stratification in which some people own other people.
Slavery
A contractual system in which someone sells his or her body for a specified period of time in an arrangement very close to slavery, except that it is entered into voluntarily.
Bonded labor
A form of social stratification in which people’s statuses are lifelong conditions determined by birth.
Caste system
Beliefs about the way things ought to be that justify social arrangements.
Ideology
The practice of marrying within one’s own group.
Endogamy
The government approved and enforced separation of racial thin ice groups as was practiced in South Africa.
Apartheid
The stratification system of medieval Europe, consisting of three groups or estates; the nobility, clergy and commoners.
Estate stratification system
A form of social stratification based primarily on income, education, and prestige of occupation.
Class system
Movement up or down the social class ladder
Social mobility
The tools, factories, land and investment capital used to produce wealth.
Means of production
Marx’s term for capitalists, those who own the means of production.
Bourgeoisie
Marx’s term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production.
Proletariat
Marx’s term for awareness of a common identity based on one’s position in the means of production.
Class consciousness.
Marx’s term to refer to workers identifying with the interests of capitalists.
False class consciousness.
A form of social stratification in which all positions are awarded on the basis of merit.
Meritocracy.
The ideas that the kings authority comes from God; in an interesting gender bender, also applies to queens.
Divine right of kings.
The process by which on nation takes over another nation, usually for the purpose of exploiting its labor no natural resources.
Colonialism.
A theory of how economic and politcal connections developed and now tie the world’s countries together.
World system theory.
Capitalism becoming the globe’s dominant economic system.
Globalization of capitalism.
The assumption that the values and behaviors of the poor make them fundamentally different from other people, that these factors are largely responsible for their poverty, and that parents perpetuate poverty across generations by passing these characteristics to their children.
Culture of poverty
The economic and political dominance of the least industrialized nations by the most industrialized nations.
Neocolonialism.
Companies that operate across national boundaries’ also called transnational corporation.
Multinational corporations.
