Chapter 4

Question 1

Analysis of social life that focuses on broad features of society, such as social class and the relationships of groups to one another, usually used by functionalist and conflict theorists.

Answer 1

Macrosociology

Question 2

Analysis of social life that focuses on social interaction; typically used by symbolic interactionists.

Answer 2

Microsociology

Question 3

One person’s actions influencing someone else; usually refers to what people do when they are in one another person’s presence, but also includes communications at a distance.

Answer 3

Social interaction

Question 4

The framework of society that surrounds us; consists of the ways that people and groups are related to one another; this framework gives direction to and sets limits on our behavior.

Answer 4

Social structure

Question 5

According to Weber; a large group of people who rank close to one another in property, power and prestige’ according to Marx. One of two groups capitalists who own the mans of production or workers who sell their labor.

Answer 5

Social Class

Question 6

The position that someone occupies in a social group.

Answer 6

Status also called social status.

Question 7

All the statuses or positions that an individual occupies

Answer 7

Status set

Question 8

A position an individual either inherits at birth or receives involuntarily later in life.

Answer 8

Ascribed status

Question 9

Positions that are earned, accomplished, or involve at least some effort or activity on the individual’s part.

Answer 9

Achieved statuses

Question 10

Indicators of a stud; items that display prestige.

Answer 10

Status symbols

Question 11

A status that cuts across the other statuses that an individual occupies.

Answer 11

Master status

Question 12

Ranking high on some dimensions of social status and low on others; also called status discrepancy.

Answer 12

Status inconsistency.

Question 13

The behaviors obligations and privileges attached to a status.

Answer 13

Role

Question 14

People who interact with one another and who believe that what they have in common is significant also called a social group.

Answer 14

Group

Question 15

The organized usual or standard ways by which society meets its basic needs.

Answer 15

Social institution

Question 16

The degree to which members of a group or a society are united by shared values and other social bonds’ also known as social cohesion.

Answer 16

Social integration

Question 17

Durkeim’s term for the unity that people feel as a result of performing the same or similar tasks.

Answer 17

Mechanical solidarity

Question 18

The splitting of a group’s or a society’s tasks into specialties.

Answer 18

Division of labor

Question 19

Durkheim’ term for the interdependence that results from the division of labor; as part of the same unit, we all depend on others to fulfill their jobs.

Answer 19

Organic solidarity

Question 20

Type of society in which life is intimate; a community in which everyone knows everyone else and people share a sense of togetherness.

Answer 20

Gemeinschaft

Question 21

Type of society that is dominated by impersonal relationships individual accomplishments and self interest.

Answer 21

Gesellschaft

Question 22

assumptions of what people are like, whether true or false.

Answer 22

Stereotype

Question 23

The ways in which people use their bodies to give messages to others.

Answer 23

Body language.

Question 24

An approach, pioneered by Erving Goffman, in which social life is analyzed in terms of drama or the stage; also called dramaturgical analysis.

Answer 24

Dramaturgy

Question 25

People’s efforts to control the impressions that others receive of them.

Answer 25

Impression management

Question 26

Places where people give performances.

Answer 26

Front stages

Question 27

Places where people rest from their performances, discuss their presentations, and plan future performances.

Answer 27

Back stages.

Question 28

The ways in which someone performs a role’ showing a particular style or personality.

Answer 28

Role performance

Question 29

Conflict that someone feels between roles because the expectations attached to one role are at odds with those attached to another role.

Answer 29

Role conflict

Question 30

Conflict that someone feels within a role.

Answer 30

Role strain

Question 31

The term used by Goffman to refer to how people use social setting, appearance and manner to communicate information about the self.

Answer 31

Sign vehicle.

Question 32

The collaboration of two or more people to manage impressions jointly.

Answer 32

Teamwork

Question 33

Techniques used to salvage a performance that is going sour.

Answer 33

Face-saving behavior

Question 34

The study of how people use background assumptions to make sense out of life.

Answer 34

Ethnomethodology

Question 35

A deeply embedded common understanding of how the world operates and off how people ought to act.

Answer 35

background assumption

Question 36

William I and Dorothy S Thomas classic formulation of the definition of the situation: “If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences”

Answer 36

Thomas theorem

Question 37

The use off background assumptions and life experiences to define what is real.

Answer 37

Social construction of reality.

Question 38

What are the major components of social structure.

Answer 38

Culture, social class, social status, roles, groups and social institutions.