Chapter 5

Question 1

People who interact with one another and who believe that what they have in common is significant; also called a social group.

Answer 1

Group

Question 2

Individuals who temporarily share the same physical space but who do not see themselves as belonging together.

Answer 2

Aggregate

Question 3

People, objects, and events that have similar characteristics and are classified together.

Answer 3

Category

Question 4

A small group characterized by cooperative, intimate, long-term, face-to-face relationships.

Answer 4

Primary group

Question 5

Compared with a primary group, a larger, relatively temporary, more anonymous, formal, and impersonal group based on some interest or activity.

Answer 5

Secondary group

Question 6

Groups made up of people who voluntarily organize on the basis of some mutual interests; also known as voluntary memberships and voluntary organizations.

Answer 6

Voluntary associations

Question 7

Robert Michels’ term for the tendency of formal organizations to be dominated by a small, self perpetuating elite.

Answer 7

Iron Law of oligarchy

Question 8

A group toward which one feels loyalty

Answer 8

In- group

Question 9

A group toward which one feels antagonism.

Answer 9

Out-group

Question 10

A group whose standards we refer to as we evaluate ourselves.

Answer 10

Reference group

Question 11

The social ties radiating outward from the self that link people together.

Answer 11

Social network.

Question 12

A cluster of people within a larger group who choose to interact with one another.

Answer 12

Clique

Question 13

A formal organization with a hierarchy of authority and a clear division of labor; emphasis on impersonality of positions and written rules, communications, and records.

Answer 13

Bureaucracy

Question 14

An organization replacing old goals with new ones; also known as goal replacement.

Answer 14

Goal displacement

Question 15

The process by which ordinary aspects of life are rationalized and efficiency comes to rule them, including such things as food preparation.

Answer 15

McDonaldization of Society.

Question 16

Marx’s term for workers’ lack of connection to the product of their labor; caused by workers being assigned repetitive tasks on a small part of a product- this leads to a sense of powerlessness and normlessness ; others use the term in the general sense of not feeling a part of something.

Answer 16

Alienation

Question 17

Preconceived ideas of what someone is like that lead to the person’s behaving in ways that match the stereotype.

Answer 17

Self-fulfilling stereotype

Question 18

The ways in which individuals affect groups and the ways in which groups influence individuals.

Answer 18

Group dynamics

Question 19

A group small enough for everyone to interact directly with all the other members

Answer 19

Small groups

Question 20

The smallest possible group, consisting of two persons.

Answer 20

Dyad

Question 21

A group of three people

Answer 21

Triad

Question 22

The alignment of some members of a group against others.

Answer 22

Coalition

Question 23

Someone who influences other people.

Answer 23

Leader

Question 24

An individual who tries to keep the group moving toward its goals; also known as a task oriented leader.

Answer 24

Instrumental leader

Question 25

An individual who increases harmony and minimizes conflict in a group; also known as a socioemotional leader.

Answer 25

Expressive leader

Question 26

Ways in which people express their leadership

Answer 26

Leadership styles

Question 27

An individual who leads by giving orders.

Answer 27

Authoritarian leader

Question 28

An individual who leads by trying to reach a consensus.

Answer 28

Democratic leader

Question 29

An individual who leads by being highly permissive.

Answer 29

Laissez-faire leader

Question 30

A narrowing of thought by a group of people, leading to the perception that there is only one correct answer and that to even suggest alternatives is a sign of disloyalty.

Answer 30

Group think