Chapter 5 Flashcards
People who interact with one another and who believe that what they have in common is significant; also called a social group.
Group
Individuals who temporarily share the same physical space but who do not see themselves as belonging together.
Aggregate
People, objects, and events that have similar characteristics and are classified together.
Category
A small group characterized by cooperative, intimate, long-term, face-to-face relationships.
Primary group
Compared with a primary group, a larger, relatively temporary, more anonymous, formal, and impersonal group based on some interest or activity.
Secondary group
Groups made up of people who voluntarily organize on the basis of some mutual interests; also known as voluntary memberships and voluntary organizations.
Voluntary associations
Robert Michels’ term for the tendency of formal organizations to be dominated by a small, self perpetuating elite.
Iron Law of oligarchy
A group toward which one feels loyalty
In- group
A group toward which one feels antagonism.
Out-group
A group whose standards we refer to as we evaluate ourselves.
Reference group
The social ties radiating outward from the self that link people together.
Social network.
A cluster of people within a larger group who choose to interact with one another.
Clique
A formal organization with a hierarchy of authority and a clear division of labor; emphasis on impersonality of positions and written rules, communications, and records.
Bureaucracy
An organization replacing old goals with new ones; also known as goal replacement.
Goal displacement
The process by which ordinary aspects of life are rationalized and efficiency comes to rule them, including such things as food preparation.
McDonaldization of Society.
Marx’s term for workers’ lack of connection to the product of their labor; caused by workers being assigned repetitive tasks on a small part of a product- this leads to a sense of powerlessness and normlessness ; others use the term in the general sense of not feeling a part of something.
Alienation
Preconceived ideas of what someone is like that lead to the person’s behaving in ways that match the stereotype.
Self-fulfilling stereotype
The ways in which individuals affect groups and the ways in which groups influence individuals.
Group dynamics
A group small enough for everyone to interact directly with all the other members
Small groups
The smallest possible group, consisting of two persons.
Dyad
A group of three people
Triad
The alignment of some members of a group against others.
Coalition
Someone who influences other people.
Leader
An individual who tries to keep the group moving toward its goals; also known as a task oriented leader.
Instrumental leader
An individual who increases harmony and minimizes conflict in a group; also known as a socioemotional leader.
Expressive leader
Ways in which people express their leadership
Leadership styles
An individual who leads by giving orders.
Authoritarian leader
An individual who leads by trying to reach a consensus.
Democratic leader
An individual who leads by being highly permissive.
Laissez-faire leader
A narrowing of thought by a group of people, leading to the perception that there is only one correct answer and that to even suggest alternatives is a sign of disloyalty.
Group think
