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Sociology > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The exercise of power, leadership, influence and authority

A

Politics

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2
Q

The ability to carry out your will, even over the resistance of others

A

Power

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3
Q

Power that people consider legitimate, as rightly exercised over them; also called legitimate power

A

Authority

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4
Q

Power that people do not accept as rightly exercised over them; also called illegitimate power

A

Coercion

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5
Q

A political entity that claims monopoly on the use of violence in some particular territory, commonly known as a country

A

State

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6
Q

Authority based on custom

A

Traditional authority

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7
Q

Authority based on law or written rules and regulations; also called bureaucratic authority

A

Rational legal authority

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8
Q

Authority based on an individual’s outstanding traits, which attract followers

A

Charismatic authority

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9
Q

The transfer of authority from a charismatic figure to either a traditional or a rational legal form of authority

A

Routine action of charisma

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10
Q

An independent city whose power radiates outward, bringing the adjacent area under its rule

A

City state

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11
Q

A form of government headed by a king or queen

A

Monarchy

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12
Q

A government whose authority comes from the people, the term, based on two Greek words, translates literally as power to the people.

A

Democracy

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13
Q

A form of democracy in which the eligible voters meet together to discuss issues and make their decisions

A

Direct democracy

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14
Q

A form of democracy in which voters elect representatives to meet together to discuss issues and make decisions on their behalf

A

Representative democracy

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15
Q

The concept that birth in a country imparts basic rights

A

Citizenship

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16
Q

The idea that everyone has the same basic rights by virtue of being born in a country

A

Universal citizenship

17
Q

A form of government in which an individual has seized power

A

Dictatorship

18
Q

A form of government in which a small group of individuals holds power; the rule of the many by the few.

A

Oligarchy

19
Q

A form of government that exerts almost total control over people.

A

Totalitarianism

20
Q

Indifference and inaction on the part of individuals or groups with respect to the political process

A

Voter apathy

21
Q

A group of people who support a particular issue and who can be mobilized for political action

A

Special interest group

22
Q

People who influence legislation on behalf of their clients

A

Lobbyists

23
Q

A condition of lawlessness or political disorder caused by the absence or collapse of governmental authority

A

Anarchy

24
Q

The diffusion of power among many interest groups that prevents any single groups from gaining control of the government

A

Pluralism

25
Q

The separation of powers among the three branches of US government legislative executive and judicial, so that each is able to nullify the actions of the other two those preventing any single branch from dominating the government.

A

Checks and balances

26
Q

Another term for the power elite

A

Ruling class

27
Q

An organization formed by one or more special interest groups to solicit and spend funds for the purpose of influencing legislation

A

Political action committee

28
Q

The use of violence or the threat of violence to produce fear in order to attain political objectives

A

Terrorism

29
Q

A system of producing and distributing goods and services

A

Economy

30
Q

A type of economy in which human groups live off the land and have little or no surplus

A

Subsistence economy

31
Q

Thorstein Veblen’ term for a change from the thrift savings and investments of he Protestant ethic to showing off wealth through spending and the display of possessions

A

Conspicuous consumption

32
Q

An economic system built around the private ownership of the means of production, the pursuit of profit and market competition.

A

Capitalism

33
Q

Literally hands off capitalism meaning that the government doesn’t interfere in the market.

A

Laissez-faire capitalism

34
Q

An economic system built around the public ownership of the. Means of production central planning and the distribution of goods without a profit motive.

A

Socialism

35
Q

The law of supply and demand

A

Market forces

36
Q

A hybrid economic system in which the individual ownership of businesses is mixed with the state ownership of businesses is mixed with the state ownership of industries thought essential to the public welfare, such as the postal service, natural resources, the medical delivery system, and mass transportation.

A

Democratic socialism

37
Q

The view that as capitalist and socialist economic systems each adopt features of the other a hybrid economic system will emerge.

A

Convergence theory

Sociology (14 decks)

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