Chapter 13 Flashcards
Laws that require all children to attend school until a specified age or until they complete a minimum grade in school.
Mandatory Education Laws
Privileges accompanying a social location that help someone in life; included are more highly educated parents, from grade school through high school being pushed to bring home high grasses, and enjoying cultural experiences that translate into higher test scores, better jobs and higher earnings.
Cultural capital
The intended beneficial consequences of people’s actions.
Manifest functions
Unintended beneficial consequences of people’s actions.
Latent functions
The process of transmitting values from one group to another; often refers to how cultural traits are transmitted across generations’ in education, the ways in which schools transmit a society’s culture, especially its core values.
Cultural transmission of values
Helping people to become part of the mainstream of society; also called mainstreaming
Inclusion
A function of education- funneling people into a society’s various positions
Social placement
The use of diplomas and degrees to determine who is eligible for jobs, even though the diploma or degree may be irrelevant to the actual work.
Credential society
The process by which education opens and closes doors of opportunity; another term for the social placement function of education.
Gatekeeping
The sorting of students into different education programs on the basis of real or perceived abilities.
Tracking
The unwritten goals of schools, such as teaching obedience to authority and conformity to cultural norms.
Hidden curriculum
Robert Merton’s term for an originally false assertion that becomes true simply because it was predicted.
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Higher grades given for the same work; a general rise in student grades without a corresponding increase in learning
Grade inflation
Passing students on to the next level even though they have not mastered basic materials
Social promotion
Refers to high school graduates who have difficulty with basic reading and math
Functional illiteracy
Durkeims term for things set apart or forbidden that inspire fear, awe, reverence, or deep respect.
Sacred
Durkeim’s term for common elements of everyday life
Profane
According to Durkeim, beliefs and practices that separate the profane from the sacred and unite its adherents into a moral community.
Religion
According to Durkeim, one of three essential elements of religion- a moral community of believers; also refers to a large, highly organized religious groups,that has formal, sedate worship services with little emphasis on evangelism, intense religious experience, or personal conversion.
Church
Ceremonies or repetitive practices in religion, observances or rites often intended to evoke a sense of awe of the sacred.
Rituals
Teachings or ideas that provide a unified picture of the world.
Cosmology
A sudden awareness of the super natural or a feeling of coming in contact with God.
Religious experience
The transformation of traditional societies into industrial societies.
Modernization
Weber’ term for the desire to accumulate capital- not to spend it, but as an end in itself- and to constantly reinvest it.
Spirit of capitalism
Weber’ term to describe the ideal of a self-denying, highly moral life accompanied by thrift and hard work.
Protestant ethic
A new religion with few followers, whose teachings and practices put it at odds with the dominant culture and religion.
Cult
Literally, someone to whom God has given a gift; in its extended sense, someone who exerts extraordinary appeal to a group of followers.
Charismatic leader
Literally, an extraordinary gift from God; more commonly an outstanding “magnetic” personality
Charisma
A religious group larger than a cult that still feels substantial hostility from and toward society
Sect
A religious group so integrated into the dominant culture that it is difficult to tell where the one begins and the other leaves off; also called a state religion.
Ecclesiastes
