Chapter 6 Flashcards
The violation of norms (or rules or expectations)
Deviance
The violation of norms written into law.
Crime
Blemishes that discredit a person’s claim to a normal identity.
Stigma
A group’s usual and customary social arrangements, on which its members depend and on which they base their lives.
Social Order
A group’s formal and informal means of enforcing its norms.
Social control
An expression of disapproval for breaking a norm, ranging from a mild, informal reaction such as a frown to a formal reaction such as a fine or a prison sentence.
Negative sanction
An expression of approval for following a norm, ranging from a smile or a good grade in a class to a material reward such as a prize.
Positive sanction.
Inborn tendencies (for example a tendency to commit deviant acts)
Genetic predisposition
Crimes such as mugging, rape and burglary.
Street crime.
The view that a personality disturbance of some sort causes an individual to violate social norms.
Personality disorders.
Edwin Sutherland’s term to indicate that people who associate with some groups learn an excess of definitions of deviance increasing the likelihood that they will become deviant.
Differential association
The idea that two control systems-inner controls and outer controls- work against our tendencies to deviate.
Control theory.
The view that the labels people are given affect their own and others’ perceptions of them, thus channeling their behavior into either deviance or conformity.
Labeling theory
Ways of thinking or rationalizing that help people deflect (or neutralize) society’s norms.
Techniques of neutralization
A term coined by Harold Garfinkel to refer to a a ritual whose goal is to remake someone’s self by stripping away that individual’s self identity and stamping a new identity in its place.
Degradation ceremony
