Chapter 7 Flashcards
Inspiration is an active process in which the _______ and ______ ______ muscles contract, increasing dimensions and volume of the _______ cage.
Diaphragm
External intercostal
Thoracic
Pulmonary ventilation: the amount of air moved ____ and ____ of the lungs.
In
Out
Expiration: at rest is normally _____; the inspiratory muscle relax, decreasing the ______ cage
Passive
Thoracic
_______ inspiration and expiration (ie: during exercise) are active processes involving ________ muscles
Forced
Accessory
Lung volumes and capacities are measured by ______
Spirometry
_____ volume: amount of air entering and leaving the lungs with each breath
Tidal
Vital capacity (VC): greatest amount of air that can be expired after _______ _____
Maximal inspiration
______ Volume: amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximal expiration
Residual
Total Lung Capacity: (___+____)
VC
RV
pulmonary diffusion is the process by which gases are ______ in the _____(____ absorbed, ____ removed)
Exchanged
Alveoli
O2
CO2
In pulmonary diffusion gases move from an area of ______ pressure to _______ pressure
Higher
Lower
In pulmonary diffusion _____ exchange at the alveoli is facilitated due to an _______ pressure gradient
O2
Increased
In oxygen transport oxygen binds to _____ (>98%) or is dissolved in ______ (<2%)
Hemoglobin
Plasma
Average O2 saturation in blood at test is ___%
98
In oxygen transport increased _____(acidity) and ________ of muscle favors oxygen unloading in the muscle
H+
Temperature
CO2 transported in blood in 3 forms:
- ______ ions
- Dissolved in blood _____
- Bound to _______
Bicarbonate
Plasma
Hemoglobin
(_____-_____ oxygen difference) is the difference in the O2 content of the _______ and _______ venous blood throughout the body
Arterial venous
Arterial and mixed
A typical value for A-VO2 difference at rest is ____ and during exercise is ___
4
15
Myoglobin transports O2 from the cell membrane to the ________
Mitochondria
What are the factors affecting O2 uptake and delivery?
- ____ content of blood
- Amount of blood _____
- Local conditions within the ______
O2
Flow
Muscle
____ carrying capacity typically does not limit _______
O2
Performance
