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EXSC 310 > ch. 12 > Flashcards

ch. 12 Flashcards

1
Q

_____: the transfer of heat from one solid material to another through direct molecular contact

A

Conduction

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2
Q

______: moving heat from one place to another by the motion of gas or liquid across a heated surface

A

Convection

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3
Q

_______________: heat is given off in the form of infrared rays. Primary method of heat dissipation at rest.

A

Radiation

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4
Q

_______________: heat is lost when fluid evaporates. Primary method of heat dissipation during exercise

A

Evaporation

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5
Q

• Evaporation accounts for ___% of heat lost during exercise vs. _______% at rest

A

80

10-20

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6
Q

• As body core temp increases, _________ production increases, the ________________ provides cooling.

A

sweat

evaporation

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7
Q

• ________ _________ pressure of the air plays a major role in evaporative heat loss

A

water vapor

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8
Q

• ________ humidity (regardless of temp) limits _____________of ________

A

high
evaporation
sweat

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9
Q

______ humidity is ideal for sweat ______________

A

low

evaporation

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10
Q

Internal body temperature: • _____ to ______°F

A

97

100

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11
Q

Internal body temp Can exceed _____ °F during exercise

A

104

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12
Q

Internal body temp May be _______°F in active muscles

A

107.6

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13
Q

• Small increases from resting temp. make muscles’ _________ systems more efficient (warm-up important)

A

energy

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14
Q

• Body temp. above ______ °F affects the ___________ system, reducing the ability to unload excess heat

A

104

nervous

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15
Q

• The ________ _____________ houses the thermoregulatory center, acting as a thermostat, monitoring temp

A

anterior hypothalamus

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16
Q

• ____________________ in the skin and brain transmit information about the body’s internal temp

A

thermoreceptors

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17
Q

• __________ thermoreceptors (brain) are far more sensitive to changes than _____________ (skin)

A

central

peripheral

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18
Q
  1. ________ arterioles: smooth muscle causes these vessels to _______to direct blood to the skin for ______ transfer or to __________ to retain _______ deep in the body
A 
skin 
dilate
heat
constrict '
heat
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19
Q
  1. __________ ___________: _________ activity ____________temp. by increasing ____________heat production
A

skeletal muscle
muscle
increases
metabolic

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20
Q

.____________ Glands: Heat production is also _____________by actions of _____________such as _______________and _______________

A 
Endocrine 
increased
hormones
thyroxine
epi/ nor epi
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21
Q

_________ ________ Glands: Increased ________ gland activity ____________temp by increasing _____________heat loss

A

Eccrine sweat
sweat
decreases
evaporative

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22
Q

ater in sweat comes from the _______________ fluid in our bodies.

A

interstitial

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23
Q

• During prolonged sweating, water moves out of our _________ __________ into the ____________ spaces to be absorbed and released by the sweat glands.

A

blood plasma

interstitial

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24
Q

Effects of Exercising in Hot Environment

  1. Increases _____
  2. Decreases ______
  3. __________of ________to the skin
A

HR
BP
Shunting blood

25
Q

_________ _______________theory: the ________will send signals to stop exercise when ___________ temp is reached, between _____ and _____ °F

A

critical temperative
brain
critical core
104 105

26
Q

• Variables: Air temp, __________, Air_________, Amount of thermal ________

A

humidity
velocity
radiation

27
Q

Heat-Related Disorders

    1. Heat _________
    1. Heat _________
    1. Heat__________
A

cramps
exhaustion
stroke

28
Q

Heat cramps:

Symptoms: Severe and painful _____________ of the large __________ groups, excessive ________

A

cramping
muscle
thirst

29
Q

Heat cramps:

Causes: __________ losses and _____________

A

sodium

dehydration

30
Q

Heat Cramps:

Prevention: Proper ____________and liberally ______ food

A

hydration

salt

31
Q

Heat cramps:

Treatment: Move to ___________ location and administer ________ or ________ solution

A

cooler
fluids
saline

32
Q

Heat exhaustion:

Symptoms: Extreme___________ , dizziness, nausea, vomiting, fainting, ________ pulse, __________, headache

A

fatigue
rapid
chills

33
Q

Heat exhaustion:
Causes: Cardiovascular system’s ___________ to meet the body’s ________ as it becomes______________, blood volume decreases, _______

A

inability
needs
severely dehydrated
Na+

34
Q

Heat exhaustion:

Treatment: Move to cooler environment, _________feet; give oral saline if conscious or intravenous saline if unconscious

A

elevate

35
Q

Symptoms: Core body temp >________ °F, ____________of sweating, ________pulse and respiration, confusion, disorientation, or _____________________

A

104
cessation
rapid
unconsciousness

36
Q

Heat stroke:

Cause: Failure of the body’s ________________________

A

thermoregulatory

37
Q

Treatment: ___________ ______ body in ______ water or ____ bath or with ____ towels; seek medical attention (911)

A

rapidly coll
cold
ice
wet

38
Q

You can achieve heat acclimation by exercising in the heat for ___ _______ or more each day for ___ to ___ days.

A

1 hour
9
14

39
Q
  1. Core temp ___ less during exercise than before _____________
A

increases

acclimation

40
Q
  1. Improved capacity for more _________
A

work

41
Q
  1. ____________ begins __________ during exercise
A

sweating

earlier

42
Q
  1. Sweat becomes more __________
A

dilute

43
Q
  1. ____ Sweating ______during exercise
A

increase

rate

44
Q

Peripheral _______________________ reduces _______ flow to skin

A

vasoconstriction

blood

45
Q

__________________ thermogenesis is stimulation of metabolism by the _____________ nervous system

A

nonshivering

sympathetic

46
Q

_____________ involves rapid ______________ cycle of _____________and relaxation of ____________ to increase _________ production

A 
shivering
involuntary
contraction
muscles
heat
47
Q

Factors That Affect Body Heat Loss

    1. Body _______ and ______________
    1. ______ temperature
    1. _______________
    1. ____________ immersion
A

size composition
air
windchill
water

48
Q

• Water: much __________ thermal conductivity than air

A

greater

49
Q

• Heat loss is ___ times ________in water compared to air

A

4 faster

50
Q

• Heat loss is _______________if the water is __________ around the

A

accelerated

moving

51
Q

Muscle Response to Exercise in the Cold

  1. It is _______ able to produce _______
  2. __________can occur more rapidly
  3. Causes ___ muscle shortening _________
  4. ___ muscle ________
A

less force
fatigue
decrease velocity
decrease power

52
Q

Prolonged Exercise in the Cold

  1. Become more susceptible to ________________
  2. __________ supplies diminish
  3. ____ Metabolic ________ production
A

hypothermia
energy
decrease heat

53
Q

Hypothermia: the Ability of the ___________________to regulate body temp. is lost if body core temp. drops below _______ °F

A

hypothalamus

94.1

54
Q

• Hypothermia causes HR to ____, from impaired ____________ conduction through the ____ _______.

A

decrease
cardiac
SA node

55
Q

• ____ respiratory rate and _________

A

decrease

volume

56
Q

frostbite: Consequence of the body’s attempts to prevent heat loss, can lead to tissue __________

A

necrosis

57
Q

• ___________ skin can _________ quickly

A

exposed

freeze

58
Q

• Can lead to _____________and loss of tissue

A

gangrene

EXSC 310 (19 decks)

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